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Journal article
Radiation shielding of protoplanetary discs in young star-forming regions
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, v 520(4), p5331
22 Feb 2023
Abstract
Protoplanetary discs spend their lives in the dense environment of a star-forming region. While there, they can be affected by nearby stars through external photoevaporation and dynamic truncations. We present simulations that use the amuse framework to couple the torch model for star cluster formation from a molecular cloud with a model for the evolution of protoplanetary discs under these two environmental processes. We compare simulations with and without extinction of photoevaporation-driving radiation. We find that the majority of discs in our simulations are considerably shielded from photoevaporation-driving radiation for at least 0.5 Myr after the formation of the first massive stars. Radiation shielding increases disc lifetimes by an order of magnitude and can let a disc retain more solid material for planet formation. The reduction in external photoevaporation leaves discs larger and more easily dynamically truncated, although external photoevaporation remains the dominant mass-loss process. Finally, we find that the correlation between disc mass and projected distance to the most massive nearby star (often interpreted as a sign of external photoevaporation) can be erased by the presence of less massive stars that dominate their local radiation field. Overall, we find that the presence and dynamics of gas in embedded clusters with massive stars is important for the evolution of protoplanetary discs.
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- Title
- Radiation shielding of protoplanetary discs in young star-forming regions
- Publication Details
- MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, v 520(4), p5331
- Publisher
- OXFORD UNIV PRESS; OXFORD
- Grant note
- We would like to thank the referee for their fast and insightful comments, which have helped improve the quality of this paper. The simulations in this work have been carried out on the Snellius supercomputer, hosted by the Dutch national high performance computing centre SURF. About 1.2 million CPU hours have been used for the simulations. Additional CPU hours have been used for tests, reruns, and analysis, putting the total at ~2 million. The AMD Rome 7H12 CPUs use 280 W, with 64 cores each, putting the total power usage at 8.75 MWh, about two to three times the yearly electricity usage of an average household. SURF runs fully on renewable energy. MJCW is supported by the Nederlandse Onderzoekschool voor Astronomie under project number 10.2.5.12. CCC is supported by a Canada Graduate Scholarship - Doctoral from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. AT was partly supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration FINESST 80NSSC21K1383, and a National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cooperative Agreement awarded to the New York Space Grant Consortium. AT and M-MML acknowledge partial funding from National Science Foundation grant AST18-15461. We would like to thank the rest of the torch team for interesting discussions and a pleasant collaboration, including Sabrina Appel, Will Farner, Joe Glaser, Ralf Klessen, Stephen McMillan, and Alison Sills. We also want to thank the amuse team for their continuing development of the framework, especially Inti Pelupessy and Steven Rieder.
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Drexel University
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000944337600030
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85159273583
- Other Identifier
- 991021861310704721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Astronomy & Astrophysics