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Accepted (AM)Open Access (License Unspecified), Open
Journal article
Relationship Between Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Convergence Insufficiency
Optometry and vision science, v 90(9), pp 988-995
Sep 2013
PMID: 23958713
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Purpose. The percentage of children who are symptomatic has been shown to increase with the number of signs of convergence insufficiency (CI). Our goal was to investigate whether there is a relationship between the severity of the clinical signs of CI and symptom level reported in children with a three-sign symptomatic CI.
Methods. The Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial enrolled 221 children with symptomatic CI from ages 9 to 17 years. Inclusion criteria included the following three signs of CI: (1) exophoria at near at least 4 Delta greater than at distance, (2) insufficient positive fusional vergence (PFV) at near, and (3) a receded near point of convergence (NPC) of 6 cm break or greater. The relationships between the severity of each sign of CI (mild, moderate, and severe) and the level of symptoms as measured by the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) at baseline were evaluated.
Results. Mean CISS scores were not significantly different between mild, moderate, and severe exophoria (p = 0.60), PFV blur (p = 0.99), Sheard's criterion (p = 0.89), or NPC break (p = 0.84). There was also no difference between the frequency of subjects scoring at mild, moderate, or severe levels on the CISS and the severity of each sign of CI. Correlations between individual clinical signs and the CISS score were very low and not statistically significant.
Conclusions. Among symptomatic children with a CISS score of 16 or higher and three clinical signs of CI, there is no further association between the severity of the clinical signs and their level of symptoms.
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Details
- Title
- Relationship Between Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Convergence Insufficiency
- Creators
- Annette Bade - Nova Southeastern UniversityMark Boas - Salus UniversityMichael Gallaway - Fundação Armando Alvares PenteadoG. Lynn Mitchell - The Ohio State UniversityMitchell Scheiman - Fundação Armando Alvares PenteadoMarjean T. Kulp - The Ohio State UniversitySusan A. Cotter - Southern Calif Coll Optometry, Fullerton, CA USAMichael Rouse - Southern Calif Coll Optometry, Fullerton, CA USACITT Study Grp
- Publication Details
- Optometry and vision science, v 90(9), pp 988-995
- Publisher
- Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
- Number of pages
- 8
- Grant note
- U10EY014706 / NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Eye Institute (NEI) EY014713; EY014659; EY014716; EY014715; EY014709; EY014710; EY014676; EY014706; EY014712 / National Eye Institute/National Institute of Health DHHS
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry (PCO)
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000330347600014
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84883743844
- Other Identifier
- 991021900613604721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Ophthalmology