Journal article
Removal and Recovery of Ammonia from Wastewater using Ti$_3$C$_2$T$_x$ MXenes in Flow Electrode Capacitive Deionization
06 Jul 2020
Abstract
Flow electrode CDI systems (FE-CDI) have recently garnered attention because
of their ability to prevent cross contamination, and operate in uninterrupted
cycles ad infinitum. Typically, FE-CDI electrodes suffer from low conductivity,
which reduces deionization performance. Higher mass loading to combat low
conductivity leads to poor rheological properties, which prevent the process
from being continuous and scalable. Herein, Ti3C2Tx MXenes were introduced as 1
mg/mL slurry electrodes in an FE-CDI system for the removal and recovery of
ammonia from stimulated wastewater. The electrode performance was evaluated by
operating the FE-CDI system with a feed solution of 500 mg/L NH4Cl running in
batch mode at a constant voltage of 1.2 and -1.2 V in charging and discharging
modes respectively. Despite low loading compared to activated carbon solution,
Ti3C2Tx flowing electrodes showed markedly improved performance by achieving
60% ion removal efficiency in a saturation time of 115 minutes, and an
unprecedented adsorption capacity of 460 mg/g. The system proved to be a green
technology by exhibiting satisfactory charge efficiency of 58-70% while
operating at a relatively low energy consumption of 0.45 kWh/kg when compared
to the current industry standard nitrification-denitrification ammonia
stripping process. A 92% regeneration efficiency showed that the electrodes
were stable and suitable for long term and scalable usage. The results
demonstrate that MXenes hold great potential in improving the FE-CDI process
for energy-efficient removal and recovery of ammonium ions from wastewater.
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Details
- Title
- Removal and Recovery of Ammonia from Wastewater using Ti$_3$C$_2$T$_x$ MXenes in Flow Electrode Capacitive Deionization
- Creators
- Naqsh E MansoorLuis A. Diaz AldanaChristopher E ShuckYury GogotsiTedd E ListerDavid Estrada
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Identifiers
- 991014970037404721