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Revisiting the use of electrolyte additives in Li–S batteries: the role of porosity of sulfur host materials
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Revisiting the use of electrolyte additives in Li–S batteries: the role of porosity of sulfur host materials

Arvinder Singh, Ayda Rafie and Vibha Kalra
Sustainable energy & fuels, v 3(10), pp 2788-2797
24 Sep 2019

Abstract

In this work, we demonstrate the important role of porosity of the sulfur host material in the efficient functioning of the biphenyl-4,4′-dithiol (BPD) electrolyte additive in Li–S batteries. We compare the electrochemical performance of Li–S cells fabricated using non-porous (CNFs), micro-porous (mi-CNFs), and micro-mesoporous carbon nanofibers (me-CNFs) as sulfur hosts. me-CNFs/S cathodes exhibit a stable specific capacity with 83% capacity retention at C/2 after 200 cycles and 90% retention at C/5 after 150 cycles, whereas mi-CNFs/S and CNFs/S cathodes retain close to only 30% capacity after 200 cycles. We investigate the role of porosity using two approaches – Li + diffusion coefficient and shuttle-current measurements. The me-CNFs/S cathodes show a relatively higher Li + ion diffusion coefficient during reduction and oxidation processes thus indicating a low concentration of BPD–S x 2− species in the electrolyte. Furthermore, the me-CNFs/S cathodes indicate a relatively lower shuttle effect compared to the other two cathodes, further validating the presence of a lower concentration of polysulfides in the electrolyte. Based on the size of the BPD–S x 2− complex, we infer that the use of mesoporous CNFs is essential for achieving long-term cycling. Our results show that the integration of suitable porous host materials with functional electrolyte additives presents a promising approach for developing high-performance Li–S batteries.

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Web of Science research areas
Chemistry, Physical
Energy & Fuels
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
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