Journal article
Risk Factors for Astigmatism in Preschool Children The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease and Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Studies
Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.), v 118(10), pp 1974-1981
01 Oct 2011
PMID: 21856010
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate risk factors for astigmatism in a population-based sample of preschool children.
Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.
Participants: Population-based samples of 9970 children ages 6 to 72 months from Los Angeles County, California, and Baltimore, Maryland.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of children participating in the Multiethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and the Baltimore Eye Disease Study was completed. Data were obtained by clinical examination or by in-person interview. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to evaluate potential associations between clinical, behavioral, or demographic factors and astigmatism.
Main Outcome Measures: Odds ratios (ORs) for various risk factors associated with astigmatism.
Results: Participants with myopia (<=-1.0 diopters) were 4.6 times as likely to have astigmatism (95% CI, 3.56-5.96) than those without refractive error, whereas participants with hyperopia (>=+2.00 diopters) were 1.6 times as likely (95% CI, 1.39-1.94). Children 6 to <12 months of age were approximately 3 times as likely to have astigmatism than children 5 to 6 years of age (95% CI, 2.28-3.73). Both Hispanic (OR, 2.38) and African-merican (OR, 1.47) children were as likely to have astigmatism than non-Hispanic white children. Furthermore, children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy were 1.46 times (95% CI, 1.14-1.87) as likely to have astigmatism than children whose mothers did not smoke.
Conclusions: In addition to infancy, Hispanic and African-American race/ethnicity and correctable/modifiable risk factors such as myopia, hyperopia, and maternal smoking during pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of having astigmatism. Although the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy is typically low, this association may suggest etiologic pathways for future investigation.
Financial Disclosure(s): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article. Ophthalmology 2011;118:1974-1981 (C) 2011 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
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Details
- Title
- Risk Factors for Astigmatism in Preschool Children The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease and Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Studies
- Creators
- Roberta McKean-Cowdin - University of Southern CaliforniaRohit Varma - Doheny Eye InstituteSusan A. Cotter - University of Southern CaliforniaKristina Tarczy-Hornoch - Children's Hospital of Los AngelesMark S. Borchert - University of Southern CaliforniaJesse H. Lin - University of Southern CaliforniaGe Wen - University of Southern CaliforniaStanley P. Azen - University of Southern CaliforniaMina Torres - University of Southern CaliforniaJames M. Tielsch - Johns Hopkins UniversityDavid S. Friedman - Johns Hopkins MedicineMichael X. Repka - Johns Hopkins MedicineJoanne Katz - Johns Hopkins UniversityJosephine Ibironke - Johns Hopkins MedicineLydia Giordano - Johns Hopkins MedicineBaltimore Pediat Eye Dis Study Grp
- Publication Details
- Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.), v 118(10), pp 1974-1981
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Number of pages
- 8
- Grant note
- EY14472; EY03040 / National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Eye Institute (NEI) Research to Prevent Blindness, New York, NY; Research to Prevent Blindness (RPB) U10EY014472 / NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Eye Institute (NEI)
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry (PCO)
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000296066900014
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-80053587806
- Other Identifier
- 991022156371804721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Ophthalmology