Journal article
Risk Factors for Hyperopia and Myopia in Preschool Children The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease and Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Studies
Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.), v 118(10), pp 1966-1973
01 Oct 2011
PMID: 21856013
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Purpose: To describe the risk factors associated with hyperopia and myopia among children 6 to 72 months of age.
Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.
Participants: Population-based samples of 9970 children 6 to 72 months of age from Los Angeles County, California, and Baltimore, Maryland.
Methods: Participants were preschool African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white children (n = 9770) from Los Angeles, California, and Baltimore, Maryland. Parental questionnaires and a comprehensive eye examination were administered. Demographic, behavioral, and clinical risk factors associated with hyperopia (>= 2.00 diopters [D]) and myopia (<=-1.00 D) were determined.
Main Outcome Measures: Odds ratios (ORs) for risk factors associated with myopia and hyperopia.
Results: Compared with non-Hispanic whites, African-American (OR, 6.0) and Hispanic (OR, 3.2) children were more likely to be myopic. Children 6 to 35 months of age were more likely to be myopic compared with those 60 to 72 months of age (OR, >= 1.7). Compared with African-American children, non-Hispanic white (OR, 1.63) and Hispanic (OR, 1.49) children were more likely to be hyperopic. Children whose parents had health insurance (OR, 1.5) and those with a history of maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR, 1.4) were more likely to have hyperopia. Astigmatism of 1.5 D or more at any axis was associated with myopia (OR, 4.37) and hyperopia (OR, 1.43).
Conclusions: Children in specific racial or ethnic groups and age groups are at higher risk of having myopia and hyperopia. Cessation of maternal smoking during pregnancy may reduce the risk of hyperopia in these children. Given that both myopia and hyperopia are risk factors for the development of amblyopia and strabismus, these risk factors should be considered when developing guidelines for screening and intervention in preschool children.
Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. Ophthalmology 2011;118:1966-1973 (C) 2011 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Metrics
1 Record Views
Details
- Title
- Risk Factors for Hyperopia and Myopia in Preschool Children The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease and Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Studies
- Creators
- Mark S. Borchert - Children's Hospital of Los AngelesRohit Varma - University of Southern CaliforniaSusan A. Cotter - Doheny Eye InstituteKristina Tarczy-Hornoch - Doheny Eye InstituteRoberta McKean-Cowdin - University of Southern CaliforniaJesse H. Lin - University of Southern CaliforniaGe Wen - University of Southern CaliforniaStanley P. Azen - University of Southern CaliforniaMina Torres - University of Southern CaliforniaJames M. Tielsch - Johns Hopkins UniversityDavid S. Friedman - Johns Hopkins UniversityMichael X. Repka - Johns Hopkins MedicineJoanne Katz - Johns Hopkins MedicineJosephine Ibironke - Johns Hopkins MedicineLydia Giordano - Johns Hopkins MedicineBaltimore Pediat Eye Dis Study Grp
- Publication Details
- Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.), v 118(10), pp 1966-1973
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Number of pages
- 8
- Grant note
- EY14472; EY03040; EY14483 / National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Eye Institute (NEI) U10EY014483 / NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Eye Institute (NEI) Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, New York; Research to Prevent Blindness (RPB)
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry (PCO)
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000296066900013
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-80053604736
- Other Identifier
- 991022156221504721
UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
This publication has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:
InCites Highlights
Data related to this publication, from InCites Benchmarking & Analytics tool:
- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Ophthalmology