Journal article
Risk factors for amblyopia in the vision in preschoolers study
Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.), v 121(3), pp 622-629.e1
01 Mar 2014
PMID: 24140117
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
To evaluate risk factors for unilateral amblyopia and for bilateral amblyopia in the Vision in Preschoolers (VIP) study.
Multicenter, cross-sectional study.
Three- to 5-year-old Head Start preschoolers from 5 clinical centers, overrepresenting children with vision disorders.
All children underwent comprehensive eye examinations, including threshold visual acuity (VA), cover testing, and cycloplegic retinoscopy, performed by VIP-certified optometrists and ophthalmologists who were experienced in providing care to children. Monocular threshold VA was tested using a single-surround HOTV letter protocol without correction, and retested with full cycloplegic correction when retest criteria were met. Unilateral amblyopia was defined as an interocular difference in best-corrected VA of 2 lines or more. Bilateral amblyopia was defined as best-corrected VA in each eye worse than 20/50 for 3-year-olds and worse than 20/40 for 4- to 5-year-olds.
Risk of amblyopia was summarized by the odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals estimated from logistic regression models.
In this enriched sample of Head Start children (n = 3869), 296 children (7.7%) had unilateral amblyopia, and 144 children (3.7%) had bilateral amblyopia. Presence of strabismus (P<0.0001) and greater magnitude of significant refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia; P<0.00001 for each) were associated independently with an increased risk of unilateral amblyopia. Presence of strabismus, hyperopia of 2.0 diopters (D) or more, astigmatism of 1.0 D or more, or anisometropia of 0.5 D or more were present in 91% of children with unilateral amblyopia. Greater magnitude of astigmatism (P<0.0001) and bilateral hyperopia (P<0.0001) were associated independently with increased risk of bilateral amblyopia. Bilateral hyperopia of 3.0 D or more or astigmatism of 1.0 D or more were present in 76% of children with bilateral amblyopia.
Strabismus and significant refractive errors were risk factors for unilateral amblyopia. Bilateral astigmatism and bilateral hyperopia were risk factors for bilateral amblyopia. Despite differences in selection of the study population, these results validated the findings from the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study.
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Details
- Title
- Risk factors for amblyopia in the vision in preschoolers study
- Creators
- Maisie Pascual - Drexel UniversityJiayan Huang - University of PennsylvaniaMaureen G Maguire - University of PennsylvaniaMarjean Taylor Kulp - The Ohio State UniversityGraham E Quinn - Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaElise Ciner - Salus UniversityLynn A Cyert - Northeastern State UniversityDeborah Orel-Bixler - University of California, BerkeleyBruce Moore - New England College of OptometryGui-Shuang Ying - University of PennsylvaniaVision In Preschoolers (VIP) Study Group
- Publication Details
- Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.), v 121(3), pp 622-629.e1
- Grant note
- U10EY12647 / NEI NIH HHS R21EY018908 / NEI NIH HHS U10EY12648 / NEI NIH HHS U10EY12534 / NEI NIH HHS U10EY12545 / NEI NIH HHS U10EY12547 / NEI NIH HHS R21 EY018908 / NEI NIH HHS U10EY12644 / NEI NIH HHS U10EY12550 / NEI NIH HHS
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry (PCO)
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000332401800010
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84896691817
- Other Identifier
- 991022089045004721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Ophthalmology