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Risk of Extra-Intestinal Solid Organ Malignancy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Risk of Extra-Intestinal Solid Organ Malignancy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study

Aakash Desai, Rishi Chowdhary, Himsikhar Khataniar, Francis Farraye, Raymond Cross, Stephen B Hanauer, Parambir S Dulai, Miguel Regueiro and Gursimran Kochhar
Digestion, Forthcoming
27 Aug 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/dig/acmag010
PMID: 42658757

Abstract

There is limited and conflicting data regarding the risk of thyroid, kidney and prostate cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).BACKGROUNDThere is limited and conflicting data regarding the risk of thyroid, kidney and prostate cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).This was a retrospective cohort study using the U.S. Collaborative Network comparing the risk of thyroid, kidney and prostate cancer in the IBD compared to non-IBD (control) cohort. One-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) was performed for demographics and co-morbid conditions. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify risk factors for each cancer.METHODSThis was a retrospective cohort study using the U.S. Collaborative Network comparing the risk of thyroid, kidney and prostate cancer in the IBD compared to non-IBD (control) cohort. One-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) was performed for demographics and co-morbid conditions. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify risk factors for each cancer.There were 200,280 matched pairs in the IBD and control cohort (mean age 43.7 +/- 19.5, 46.1% male, 76% White). There was an increased risk of thyroid (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.19-1.59), kidney (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.22-1.54) and prostate (aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.29-1.151) cancer in the IBD compared to the control cohort. This was consistent based on IBD sub-type and sex. Racial/ethnic disparities were observed with respect to risk of each cancer. IBD cohort aged 18-39 was associated with increased risk (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.84) of thyroid but not kidney or prostate cancer compared to control cohort. Long-term steroid use was associated with an increased risk of thyroid (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.15-3.20) and kidney (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.25-1.86) cancer. T2DM and obesity were associated with an increased risk of all three cancers in the IBD cohort.RESULTSThere were 200,280 matched pairs in the IBD and control cohort (mean age 43.7 +/- 19.5, 46.1% male, 76% White). There was an increased risk of thyroid (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.19-1.59), kidney (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.22-1.54) and prostate (aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.29-1.151) cancer in the IBD compared to the control cohort. This was consistent based on IBD sub-type and sex. Racial/ethnic disparities were observed with respect to risk of each cancer. IBD cohort aged 18-39 was associated with increased risk (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.84) of thyroid but not kidney or prostate cancer compared to control cohort. Long-term steroid use was associated with an increased risk of thyroid (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.15-3.20) and kidney (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.25-1.86) cancer. T2DM and obesity were associated with an increased risk of all three cancers in the IBD cohort.We observed an increased risk of extra-intestinal solid organ malignancy, specifically thyroid, kidney and prostate cancer in patients with IBD.CONCLUSIONWe observed an increased risk of extra-intestinal solid organ malignancy, specifically thyroid, kidney and prostate cancer in patients with IBD.

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