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Journal article
Science-based pathogen treatment requirements for direct potable reuse
Environmental science water research & technology, v 9(12), pp 3377-3390
23 Nov 2023
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Specifying appropriate pathogen treatment requirements is critical to ensure that direct potable reuse (DPR) systems provide consistent and reliable protection of public health. This study leverages several research efforts conducted on behalf of the California State Water Resources Control Board to provide guidance on selecting science-based pathogen treatment requirements for DPR. Advancements in pathogen detection methods have produced new robust, high-quality datasets that can be used to characterize the distribution of pathogen concentrations present in raw wastewater. Such probabilistic distributions should replace the deterministic point estimate approach previously used in regulatory development. Specifically, to calculate pathogen treatment requirements, pathogen distributions should be used in probabilistic quantitative microbial risk assessments that account for variability in concentrations. This approach was applied using the latest high-quality datasets to determine the log reduction targets necessary to achieve an annual risk goal of 1 in 10 000 infections per person as well as a more stringent daily risk goal of 2.7 x 10(-7) infections per person. The probabilistic approach resulted in pathogen log reduction targets of 13-log(10) for enteric viruses, 10-log10 for Giardia, and 10-log10 for Cryptosporidium. An additional 4-log(10 )level of redundancy provides protection against undetected failures while maintaining high degrees of compliance with the daily (99%) and annual risk goals (>99%). The limitations of the use of molecular pathogen data are also discussed. While the recommendations and findings are targeted for California, they are broadly applicable to the development of DPR regulations outside California and the U.S.
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Details
- Title
- Science-based pathogen treatment requirements for direct potable reuse
- Creators
- Brian M. Pecson - Trussell Technol, Oakland, CA 94612 USAAnya Kaufmann - Trussell Technol, Oakland, CA 94612 USADaniel Gerrity - Southern Nevada Water AuthorityCharles N. Haas - Drexel University, Civil, Architectural, and Environmental EngineeringEdmund Seto - University of WashingtonNicholas J. Ashbolt - Univ South Australia, Adelaide, AustraliaTheresa Slifko - Metropolitan Water Dist Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA USAEmily Darby - Trussell Technol, Oakland, CA 94612 USAAdam Olivieri - Jackson Memorial Hospital
- Publication Details
- Environmental science water research & technology, v 9(12), pp 3377-3390
- Publisher
- ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY; CAMBRIDGE
- Number of pages
- 14
- Grant note
- This work was supported by the California State Water Resources Control Board with funding from Proposition 1 Water Recycling Research (Water Bond 2014) via Grant Agreement No. D1705002, and by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California with funding from the Future Supply Actions Funding Program via Agreement No. 180315. The authors would like to thank Robert Brownwood and Claire Waggoner (State Water Resources Control Board) and Julie Minton (The Water Research Foundation) for managing and overseeing the research effort.
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001086274000001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85175492625
- Other Identifier
- 991021861186204721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Engineering, Environmental
- Environmental Sciences
- Water Resources