Search for Double Beta Decays of ^{134}Xe with EXO-200 Phase II

S Al Kharusi; G Anton; I Badhrees; P S Barbeau; V Belov; T Bhatta; M Breidenbach; T Brunner; G F Cao; W R Cen; C Chambers; B Cleveland; M Coon; A Craycraft; T Daniels; L Darroch; S J Daugherty; J Davis; S Delaquis; A Der Mesrobian-Kabakian; R DeVoe; A Dolgolenko; M J Dolinski; J Echevers; B Eckert; W Fairbank; D Fairbank; J Farine; S Feyzbakhsh; P Fierlinger; Y S Fu; D Fudenberg; P Gautam; R Gornea; G Gratta; C Hall; E V Hansen; J Hoessl; P Hufschmidt; M Hughes; A Iverson; A Jamil; C Jessiman; M J Jewell; A Johnson; A Karelin; L J Kaufman; T Koffas; R Krücken; A Kuchenkov; K S Kumar; Y Lan; A Larson; B G Lenardo; D S Leonard; G S Li; S Li; Z Li; C Licciardi; Y H Lin; R MacLellan; T McElroy; T Michel; B Mong; D C Moore; K Murray; O Njoya; O Nusair; A Odian; I Ostrovskiy; H Peltz Smalley; A Perna; A Piepke; A Pocar; F Retière; A L Robinson; P C Rowson; S Schmidt; D Sinclair; K Skarpaas; A K Soma; V Stekhanov; M Tarka; S Thibado; J Todd; T Tolba; T I Totev; R Tsang; B Veenstra; V Veeraraghavan; P Vogel; J-L Vuilleumier; M Wagenpfeil; J Watkins; M Weber; L J Wen; U Wichoski; G Wrede; S X Wu; Q Xia; EXO-200 Collaboration

doi:10.1103/vpny-23wq

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$Search for Double Beta Decays of ^{134}Xe with EXO-200 Phase II$

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Search for Double Beta Decays of ^{134}Xe with EXO-200 Phase II

S Al Kharusi, G Anton, I Badhrees, P S Barbeau, V Belov, T Bhatta, M Breidenbach, T Brunner, G F Cao, W R Cen, …

Physical review letters, v 136(23), 232502

12 Jun 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/vpny-23wq

PMID: 42360955

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Abstract

EXO-200 was a leading double beta decay experiment consisting of a single-phase, enriched liquid xenon time projection chamber filled with an admixture of 80.672% ^{136}Xe and 19.098% ^{134}Xe. The detector operated at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant between 2010 and 2018 and was designed to search for double beta decay of ^{136}Xe. Data were acquired in two phases separated by a period of detector upgrades. We report on the search for 0νββ and 2νββ decay of ^{134}Xe with Phase II EXO-200 data, with median 90% CL exclusion sensitivity to half-life T_{1/2}^{0ν}≥3.7×10^{23} yr and T_{1/2}^{2ν}≥2.6×10^{21} yr, respectively. No statistically significant signal is observed for either decay mode. We set a world-leading lower limit on the half-life of the neutrinoless decay mode of ^{134}Xe of T_{1/2}^{0ν}≥8.7×10^{23} (90% CL) and the second strongest constraint on the two-neutrino decay of T_{1/2}^{2ν}≥2.9×10^{21} (90% CL), a threefold improvement over the EXO-200 Phase I measurement. New constraints are also set for the 2νββ and 0νββ decays of ^{134}Xe to the lowest excited state of ^{134}Ba.

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Title: Search for Double Beta Decays of ^{134}Xe with EXO-200 Phase II
Creators: S Al Kharusi - McGill University
G Anton - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
I Badhrees - Carleton University
P S Barbeau - Duke University
V Belov - Kurchatov Institute
T Bhatta - University of South Dakota
M Breidenbach - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
T Brunner - McGill University
G F Cao - Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
W R Cen - Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
C Chambers - McGill University
B Cleveland - Laurentian University
M Coon - University of Illinois System
A Craycraft - Colorado State University
T Daniels - University of North Carolina Wilmington
L Darroch - McGill University
S J Daugherty - Indiana University Bloomington
J Davis - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
S Delaquis - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
A Der Mesrobian-Kabakian - Laurentian University
R DeVoe - Stanford University
A Dolgolenko - Kurchatov Institute
M J Dolinski - Drexel University
J Echevers - University of Illinois System
B Eckert - Drexel University
W Fairbank - Colorado State University
D Fairbank - Colorado State University
J Farine - Laurentian University
S Feyzbakhsh - University of Massachusetts Amherst
P Fierlinger - Technical University of Munich
Y S Fu - Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
D Fudenberg - Stanford University
P Gautam - Drexel University
R Gornea - Carleton University
G Gratta - Stanford University
C Hall - University of Maryland, College Park
E V Hansen - Drexel University
J Hoessl - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
P Hufschmidt - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M Hughes - University of Alabama
A Iverson - Colorado State University
A Jamil - Yale University
C Jessiman - Carleton University
M J Jewell - Stanford University
A Johnson - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
A Karelin - Kurchatov Institute
L J Kaufman - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
T Koffas - Carleton University
R Krücken - TRIUMF
A Kuchenkov - Kurchatov Institute
K S Kumar - University of Massachusetts Amherst
Y Lan - TRIUMF
A Larson - University of South Dakota
B G Lenardo - Stanford University
D S Leonard - IBS Center for Underground Physics (Republic of Korea, Daejeon)
G S Li - Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
S Li - University of Illinois System
Z Li - University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
C Licciardi - University of Windsor
Y H Lin - Drexel University
R MacLellan - University of South Dakota
T McElroy - McGill University
T Michel - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
B Mong - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
D C Moore - University of New Haven
K Murray - McGill University
O Njoya - Stony Brook University
O Nusair - University of Alabama
A Odian - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
I Ostrovskiy - Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
H Peltz Smalley - University of Massachusetts Amherst
A Perna - Laurentian University
A Piepke - University of Alabama
A Pocar - University of Massachusetts Amherst
F Retière - TRIUMF
A L Robinson - Laurentian University
P C Rowson - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
S Schmidt - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
D Sinclair - Carleton University
K Skarpaas - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
A K Soma - Drexel University
V Stekhanov - Kurchatov Institute
M Tarka - University of Massachusetts Amherst
S Thibado - University of Massachusetts Amherst
J Todd - Colorado State University
T Tolba - Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
T I Totev - McGill University
R Tsang - University of Alabama
B Veenstra - Carleton University
V Veeraraghavan - University of Alabama
P Vogel - Kellogg's (Canada)
J-L Vuilleumier - University of Bern
M Wagenpfeil - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
J Watkins - Carleton University
M Weber - Stanford University
L J Wen - Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
U Wichoski - Laurentian University
G Wrede - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
S X Wu - Stanford University
Q Xia - Yale University
EXO-200 Collaboration
Publication Details: Physical review letters, v 136(23), 232502
Publisher: American Physical Society
Number of pages: 7
Grant note: NSF in the USA: PHY-2111213, PHY-2514767 DOE in the USA: DE-SC0020509, DE-SC0017970, DE-FG02-01ER41166, DE-SC0021383, DE-SC0014517 NSF in the USA NSERC in Canada: CRC-2019-00399, SAPPJ-2017-00029 SNF in Switzerland IBS in Korea RFBR in Russia: 18-02-00550 DFG in Germany CAS in China ISTCP in China
This work was supported by Grants from the NSF (No. PHY-2111213 and No. PHY-2514767) as well as from the DOE (No. DE-SC0020509). EXO-200 was supported by the DOE (No. DE-SC0017970, No. DE-FG02-01ER41166, No. DE-SC0021383, No. DE-SC0014517) and NSF in the USA, the NSERC in Canada (CRC-2019-00399, SAPPJ-2017-00029), the SNF in Switzerland, the IBS in Korea, the RFBR (18-02-00550) in Russia, the DFG in Germany, and CAS and ISTCP in China. The EXO-200 data analysis and simulation uses resources of the SLAC Shared Scientific Data Facility (S3DF). We gratefully acknowledge the KARMEN Collaboration for supplying the cosmic-ray veto detectors, as well as the WIPP for their hospitality.
Resource Type: Journal article
Language: English
Academic Unit: Physics
Web of Science ID: WOS:001800307700001
Other Identifier: 991022193492704721

Search for Double Beta Decays of ^{134}Xe with EXO-200 Phase II

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