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Journal article
Shifts in valence states in bimetallic MXenes revealed by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS)
2d materials, v 9(2), p25004
01 Apr 2022
Abstract
MXenes are an emergent class of two-dimensional materials with a very wide spectrum of promising applications. The synthesis of multiple MXenes, specifically solid-solution MXenes, allows fine tuning of their properties, expands their range of applications, and leads to enhanced performance. The functionality of solid-solution MXenes is closely related to the valence state of their constituents: transition metals, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen. However, the impact of changes in the oxidation state of elements in MXenes is not well understood. In this work, three interrelated solid-solution MXene systems (Ti2-y Nb (y) CT (x) , Nb2-y V (y) CT (x) , and Ti2-y V (y) CT (x) ) were investigated with scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy to determine the localized valence states of metals at the nanoscale. The analysis demonstrates changes in the electronic configuration of V upon modification of the overall composition and within individual MXene flakes. These shifts of oxidation state can explain the nonlinear optical and electronic features of solid-solution MXenes. Vanadium appears to be particularly sensitive to modification of the valence state, while titanium maintains the same oxidation state in Ti-Nb and Ti-V MXenes, regardless of stoichiometry. The study also explains Nb's influential role in the previously observed electronic properties in the Nb-V and Nb-Ti systems.
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Details
- Title
- Shifts in valence states in bimetallic MXenes revealed by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS)
- Creators
- Alexandre C. Foucher - Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAMeikang Han - Drexel UniversityChristopher E. Shuck - Drexel UniversityKathleen Maleski - Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanomat Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAYury Gogotsi - Drexel UniversityEric A. Stach - Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Publication Details
- 2d materials, v 9(2), p25004
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing Ltd
- Number of pages
- 8
- Grant note
- DMR-2041050 / National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF) NNCI-1542153 / National Science Foundation (NSF) National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Program; National Science Foundation (NSF) DESC0012573 / Energy Frontier Research Center - US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences; United States Department of Energy (DOE) Integrated Mesoscale Architectures for Sustainable Catalysis (IMASC) DMR-1720530 / anoscale Characterization Facility at the Singh Centerby the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter (MRSEC) -National Science Foundation
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Materials Science and Engineering; A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000749508200001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85125530120
- Other Identifier
- 991019168262704721
InCites Highlights
Data related to this publication, from InCites Benchmarking & Analytics tool:
- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
- Physics, Applied