Journal article
Sodium-Ion-Assisted Minimally Intensive Layer Delamination of Ti-Based MXenes: Implications for Biomedical Applications
ACS applied nano materials, v 9(17), pp 7655-7662
20 Apr 2026
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Abstract
MXenes are among the most extensively studied materials nowadays due to their functional versatility stemming from their tunable chemical and physical properties. MXenes have been predominantly synthesized by selective wet-chemical etching of parent MAX phases, followed by Li+ intercalation and subsequent delamination. This study demonstrates the substitution of Li+ with Na+ in the preparation of Ti-based MXenes for biomedical and biocatalytic applications, where biologically active Li+ is undesirable. Here, a MILD (Minimally Intensive Layer Delamination) synthesis method of Ti3C2Tx and Ti3CNTx is modified by replacing LiF with nontoxic and cost-effective NaF. The produced samples had flake sizes and surface chemistries comparable to those of LiF-MILD samples. The electrical conductivity of Ti3C2Tx films made from those flakes exceeded 5500 S/cm. Multiple acid mixtures were investigated, with 12 M HCl producing stable MXene colloids after 48 h of etching without sonication, yielding flakes significantly larger than those obtained using 9 M HCl. The Ti3C2Tx flakes exhibited a conventional 2D morphology, while Ti3CNTx scrolled, forming cylindrical nanostructures. With the proper adjustments to the etching conditions, the proposed approach may apply to the synthesis of other Ti-based MXenes.
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Details
- Title
- Sodium-Ion-Assisted Minimally Intensive Layer Delamination of Ti-Based MXenes: Implications for Biomedical Applications
- Creators
- Nikola Kanas (Corresponding Author) - University of Novi SadIryna Roslyk - Drexel UniversityTetiana Parker - Drexel UniversityLucy Plant - Drexel UniversityVeronika ZahorodnaOleksiy GogotsiGoran M. Stojanović - University of Novi SadYury Gogotsi - Drexel University
- Publication Details
- ACS applied nano materials, v 9(17), pp 7655-7662
- Publisher
- ACS Publications
- Number of pages
- 8
- Grant note
- Division of Chemistry: CHE-2318105 Horizon 2020 Framework Programme: 101086184
This work was supported through the MX-MAP project, which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation program under grant agreement 101086184. T.P. and Y.G. acknowledge support from the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant CHE-2318105 (M-STAR CCI).
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Materials Science and Engineering; A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001747024500001
- Other Identifier
- 991022176965704721