Journal article
Stratigraphic evidence for an early Holocene earthquake in Aceh, Indonesia
Quaternary science reviews, v 54
26 Oct 2012
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
The Holocene stratigraphy of the coastal plain of the Aceh Province of Sumatra contains 6 m of sediment with three regionally consistent buried soils above pre-Quaternary bedrock or pre-Holocene unconsolidated sediment. Litho-, bio-, and chronostratigraphic analyses of the lower buried soil reveals a rapid change in relative sea-level caused by coseismic subsidence during an early Holocene megathrust earthquake. Evidence for paleoseismic subsidence is preserved as a buried mangrove soil, dominated by a pollen assemblage of Rhizophora and/or Bruguiera/Ceriops taxa. The soil is abruptly overlain by a thin tsunami sand. The sand contains mixed pollen and abraded foraminiferal assemblages of both offshore and onshore environments. The tsunami sand grades upward into mud that contains both well-preserved foraminifera of intertidal origin and individuals of the gastropod Cerithidea cingulata. Radiocarbon ages from the pre- and post-seismic sedimentary sequences constrain the paleoearthquake to 6500–7000 cal. yrs. BP. We use micro-and macrofossil data to determine the local paleoenvironment before and after the earthquake. We estimate coseismic subsidence to be 0.45 ± 0.30 m, which is comparable to the 0.6 m of subsidence observed during the 2004 Aceh–Andaman earthquake on Aceh’s west coast.
► We develop a multi-proxy methodology to estimate coseismic subsidence. ► Radiocarbon estimates reveal coseismic subsidence in Sumatra 6500–7000 cal. yrs BP. ► Subsidence is ∼0.45 m, which is comparable that of the 2004 Aceh–Andaman Earthquake.
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Details
- Title
- Stratigraphic evidence for an early Holocene earthquake in Aceh, Indonesia
- Creators
- Candace A. Grand Pre - Sea Level Research, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USABenjamin P. Horton - Sea Level Research, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAHarvey M. Kelsey - Humboldt State UniversityCharles M. Rubin - Earth Observatory of SingaporeAndrea D. Hawkes - Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionMudrik R. Daryono - Indonesian Institute of SciencesGary Rosenberg - Drexel UniversityStephen J. Culver - East Carolina University
- Publication Details
- Quaternary science reviews, v 54
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Science (BEES); Malacology
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000310948100011
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84867714220
- Other Identifier
- 991019168528204721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Geography, Physical
- Geosciences, Multidisciplinary