Journal article
Systematic review of case series and case reports on pediatric pulmonary embolism
Journal of medical case reports, v 19(1), 76
26 Feb 2025
PMID: 40011940
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Pediatric pulmonary embolism is a rare yet potentially life-threatening condition, presenting significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges owing to its nonspecific symptoms and diverse underlying risk factors. This systematic review aims to consolidate data from case series and case reports to provide a comprehensive overview of pediatric pulmonary embolism, focusing on clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and outcomes.
This systematic review was conducted in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, version 6.3. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024532471). We utilized the Covidence systematic review software for deduplication and screening of search results. The literature search was developed with a subject specialist and included Medical Subject Headings terms and free-text keywords such as "pulmonary embolism," "pediatric," and "case reports." Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to April 2024, limited to English-language publications. Reference lists of relevant articles were also reviewed.
Pulmonary embolism affected males and females with age ranging from 1 to 18 years. Common underlying conditions included malignancies (for example, Wilms tumor), chronic diseases (for example, nephrotic syndrome), and recent surgical interventions. Diagnostic practices primarily relied on computed tomography pulmonary angiography, supplemented by chest X-ray and ultrasound. Treatment typically involved anticoagulation therapy with unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin, transitioning to oral anticoagulants for long-term management. Thrombolytic therapy was used in severe cases. Outcomes varied, with many patients recovering well, though complications such as recurrent embolism and pleural effusion were observed. Fatal cases underscored the critical need for early detection and prompt treatment.
This systemic review underscores the rarity and complexity of pediatric pulmonary embolism, highlighting the necessity for increased clinical vigilance given its nonspecific presentation and diverse underlying risk factors. Accurate diagnosis, primarily via computed tomography pulmonary angiography, with the prompt initiation of anticoagulation therapy are essential for optimal outcomes. Despite favorable recovery rates for most patients, the potential for severe complications and fatalities reinforces the value of timely diagnosis and personalized management approaches. Further research is essential to refine diagnostic protocols, optimize treatment approaches, establish evidence-based guidelines, and improve long-term outcomes for children with pulmonary embolism.
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Details
- Title
- Systematic review of case series and case reports on pediatric pulmonary embolism
- Creators
- Mohammed Alsabri - St. Christopher's Hospital for ChildrenAlmoatazbellah Attalla - Alexandria UniversitySalma Tamer Abdelrahman - Zagazig UniversityAhmed Bostamy Elsnhory - Al Azhar UniversityDina Essam Abo-Elnour - Zagazig UniversityNicholas Aderinto - Ladoke Akintola University of TechnologyBonaventure Michael Ukoaka - Department of Internal Medicine, Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, NigeriaBasel F Alqeeq - Islamic University of GazaLuis L Gamboa - Drexel University
- Publication Details
- Journal of medical case reports, v 19(1), 76
- Publisher
- Springer BMC
- Number of pages
- 10
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Pediatrics; College of Medicine; Emergency Medicine
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001434464100001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85218790962
- Other Identifier
- 991022032171404721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Pediatrics