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TNF alpha and IL-6 Responses to Particulate Matter in Vitro: Variation According to PM Size, Season, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Soil Content
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

TNF alpha and IL-6 Responses to Particulate Matter in Vitro: Variation According to PM Size, Season, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Soil Content

Natalia Manzano-Leon, Jesus Serrano-Lomelin, Brisa N. Sanchez, Raul Quintana-Belmares, Elizabeth Vega, Ines Vazquez-Lopez, Leonora Rojas-Bracho, Maria Tania Lopez-Villegas, Felipe Vadillo-Ortega, Andrea De Vizcaya-Ruiz, …
Environmental health perspectives, v 124(4), pp 406-412
01 Apr 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409287
PMID: 26372663
Featured in Collection :   UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
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https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409287View
Published, Version of Record (VoR)access removed by US government, 1 Dec 2025 Restricted

Abstract

Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Public, Environmental & Occupational Health Science & Technology Toxicology
BACKGROUND: Observed seasonal differences in particulate matter (PM) associations with human health may be due to their composition and to toxicity-related seasonal interactions. OBJECTIVES: We assessed seasonality in PM composition and in vitro PM pro-inflammatory potential using multiple PM samples. METHODS: We collected 90 weekly PM10 and PM2.5 samples during the rainy-warm and dry-cold seasons in five urban areas with different pollution sources. The elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and endotoxins identified in the samples were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). We tested the potential of the PM to induce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion in cultured human monocytes (THP-1), and we modeled pro-inflammatory responses using the component scores. RESULTS: PM composition varied by size and by season. PCA identified two main components that varied by season. Combustion-related constituents (e.g., vanadium, benzo[a] pyrene, benzo[a] anthracene) mainly comprised component 1 (C-1). Soil-related constituents (e.g., endotoxins, silicon, aluminum) mainly comprised component 2 (C-2). PM from the rainy-warm season was high in C-2. PM (particularly PM2.5) from the dry-cold season was rich in C-1. Elevated levels of cytokine production were associated with PM10 and C-2 (rainy-warm season), whereas reduced levels of cytokine production were associated with PM2.5 and C1 (dry-cold season). TNFa secretion was increased following exposure to PM with high (vs. low) C-2 content, but TNFa secretion in response to PM was decreased following exposure to samples containing >= 0.1% of C-1-related PAHs, regardless of C-2 content. The results of the IL-6 assays suggested more complex interactions between PM components and particle size. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in PM soil and PAH content underlie seasonal and PM size-related patterns in TNFa secretion. These results suggest that the mixture of components in PM explains some seasonal differences in associations between health outcomes and PM in epidemiologic studies.

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UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This publication has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

#3 Good Health and Well-Being
#11 Sustainable Cities and Communities

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
International collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Environmental Sciences
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Toxicology
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