Journal article
The Impact of Hyperopia on Academic Performance Among Children: A Systematic Review
Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.), v 11(1), pp 36-51
20 Jan 2022
PMID: 35066525
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Purpose:
To assess the impact of uncorrected hyperopia and hyperopic spectacle correction on children's academic performance.
Design:
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods:
We searched 9 electronic databases from inception to July 26, 2021, for studies assessing associations between hyperopia and academic performance. There were no restrictions on language, publication date, or geographic location. A quality checklist was applied. Random-effects models estimated pooled effect size as a standardized mean difference (SMD) in 4 outcome domains: cognitive skills, educational performance, reading skills, and reading speed. (PROSPERO registration: CRD-42021268972).
Results:
Twenty-five studies (21 observational and 4 interventional) out of 3415 met the inclusion criteria. No full-scale randomized trials were identified. Meta-analyses of the 5 studies revealed a small but significant adverse effect on educational performance in uncorrected hyperopic compared to emmetropic children {SMD −0.18 [95% confidence interval (CI), −0.27 to −0.09]; P < 0.001, 4 studies} and a moderate negative effect on reading skills in uncorrected hyperopic compared to emmetropic children [SMD −0.46 (95% CI, −0.90 to −0.03); P = 0.036, 3 studies]. Reading skills were significantly worse in hyperopic than myopic children [SMD −0.29 (95% CI, −0.43 to −0.15); P < 0.001, 1 study]. Qualitative analysis on 10 (52.6%) of 19 studies excluded from meta-analysis found a significant (P < 0.05) association between uncorrected hyperopia and impaired academic performance. Two interventional studies found hyperopic spectacle correction significantly improved reading speed (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
Evidence indicates that uncorrected hyperopia is associated with poor academic performance. Given the limitations of current methodologies, further research is needed to evaluate the impact on academic performance of providing hyperopic correction.
Metrics
Details
- Title
- The Impact of Hyperopia on Academic Performance Among Children: A Systematic Review
- Creators
- Sonia Mavi - Queen's University BelfastVing Chan - Queen's University BelfastGianni Virgili - University of FlorenceIlaria Biagini - University of FlorenceNathan Congdon - Queen's University BelfastPrabhath Piyasena - Queen's University BelfastAi Yong - Queen's University BelfastElise Ciner - Salus UniversityMarjean Kulp - The Ohio State UniversityT. CandyMegan Collins - University of FlorenceAndrew Bastawrous - Sun Yat-sen UniversityPriya Morjaria - Sun Yat-sen UniversityElanor Watts - Salus UniversityLynett Masiwa - University of ZimbabweChristopher Kumora - Queen's University BelfastBruce Moore - University of FlorenceJulie-Anne Little
- Publication Details
- Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.), v 11(1), pp 36-51
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Number of pages
- 16
- Grant note
- Northern Ireland Department for the Economy (DfE) as a part of SM's PhD program
Supported by the Northern Ireland Department for the Economy (DfE) as a part of SM's PhD program. DfE had no involvement in manuscript development. VFC is a Trustee of Vision Aid Overseas, an organization working to provide refractive and eye care in low-and-middle income countries. NC is the Director of Research for Orbis International, an organization working on eye health issues in underserved areas.
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry (PCO)
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000778133800007
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85124056874
- Other Identifier
- 991022089046204721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Ophthalmology