Journal article
The Volatilomic Footprints of Human HGC-27 and CLS-145 Gastric Cancer Cell Lines
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES, v 7, 607904
11 Jan 2021
PMID: 33585559
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
The presence of certain volatile biomarkers in the breath of patients with gastric cancer has been reported by several studies; however, the origin of these compounds remains controversial. In vitro studies, involving gastric cancer cells may address this problem and aid in revealing the biochemical pathways underlying the production and metabolism of gastric cancer volatile indicators. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, coupled with headspace needle trap extraction as the pre-concentration technique, has been applied to map the volatilomic footprints of human HGC-27 and CLS-145 gastric cancer cell lines and normal Human Stomach Epithelial Cells (HSEC). In total, 27 volatile compounds are found to be associated with metabolism occurring in HGC-27, CLS-145, and HSEC. Amongst these, the headspace concentrations of 12 volatiles were found to be reduced compared to those above just the cultivating medium, namely there was an observed uptake of eight aldehydes (2-methylpropanal, 2-methyl-2-propenal, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, and benzaldehyde), three heterocyclic compounds (2-methyl-furan, 2-ethyl-furan, and 2-pentyl-furan), and one sulfur-containing compound (dimethyl disulphide). For the other 15 volatiles, the headspace concentrations above the healthy and cancerous cells were found to be higher than those found above the cultivating medium, namely the cells were found to release three esters (ethyl acetate, ethyl propanoate, and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate), seven ketones (2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, 2-tridecanone, 2-pentadecanone, and 2-heptadecanone), three alcohols (2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol), one aromatic compound (toluene), and one sulfur containing compound [2-methyl-5-(methylthio) furan]. In comparison to HSEC, HGC-27 cancer cell lines were found to have significantly altered metabolism, manifested by an increased production of methyl ketones containing an odd number of carbons. Amongst these species, three volatiles were found exclusively to be produced by this cell line, namely 2-undecanone, 2-tridecanone, and 2-heptadecanone. Another interesting feature of the HGC-27 footprint is the lowered level of alcohols and esters. The CLS-145 cells exhibited less pronounced changes in their volatilomic pattern compared to HSEC. Their footprint was characterized by the upregulated production of esters and 2-ethyl-hexanol and downregulated production of other alcohols. We have therefore demonstrated that it is possible to differentiate between cancerous and healthy gastric cells using biochemical volatile signatures.
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Details
- Title
- The Volatilomic Footprints of Human HGC-27 and CLS-145 Gastric Cancer Cell Lines
- Publication Details
- FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES, v 7, 607904
- Publisher
- FRONTIERS MEDIA SA; LAUSANNE
- Grant note
- This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 824986. The work was also supported by FLPP (Fundamental and Applied Research Projects) Programme in Latvia, project no. 2018/2-0228 Volatile organic compounds for potential application in gastric cancer screening. DS acknowledges financial support through the project AKCELERATOR ROZWOJU Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach (Development Accelerator of the Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce), co-financed by the European Union under the European Social Fund, with no. POWR.03.05.00-00-Z212/18. Beyond that, we are grateful to the Vorarlberger Landesregierung (Bregenz, Austria) for continuously supporting the VIVIT and the Institute for Breath Research.
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Drexel University
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000611226200001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85099906122
- Other Identifier
- 991021860752904721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology