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Journal article
The bolometric quasar luminosity function at z=0-7
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, v 495(3), pp 3252-3275
01 Jul 2020
Abstract
In this paper, we provide updated constraints on the bolometric quasar luminosity function (QLF) from z = 0 to z = 7. The constraints are based on an observational compilation that includes observations in the rest-frame IR, B band, UV, soft, and hard X-ray in past decades. Our method follows Hopkins et al. with an updated quasar SED model and bolometric and extinction corrections. The new best-fitting bolometric quasar luminosity function behaves qualitatively different from the old Hopkins model at high redshift. Compared with the old model, the number density normalization decreases towards higher redshift and the bright-end slope is steeper at z greater than or similar to 2. Due to the paucity of measurements at the faint end, the faint end slope at z greater than or similar to 5 is quite uncertain. We present two models, one featuring a progressively steeper faint-end slope at higher redshift and the other featuring a shallow faint-end slope at z greater than or similar to 5. Further multiband observations of the faint-end QLF are needed to distinguish between these models. The evolutionary pattern of the bolometric QLF can be interpreted as an early phase likely dominated by the hierarchical assembly of structures and a late phase likely dominated by the quenching of galaxies. We explore the implications of this model on the ionizing photon production by quasars, the CXB spectrum, the SMBH mass density, and mass functions. The predicted hydrogen photoionization rate contributed by quasars is subdominant during the epoch of reionization and only becomes important at z less than or similar to 3. The predicted CXB spectrum, cosmic SMBH mass density, and SMBH mass function are generally consistent with existing observations.
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Details
- Title
- The bolometric quasar luminosity function at z=0-7
- Creators
- Xuejian Shen - California Institute of TechnologyPhilip F. Hopkins - California Institute of TechnologyClaude-Andre Faucher-Giguere - Northwestern UniversityD. M. Alexander - Durham UniversityGordon T. Richards - Drexel UniversityNicholas P. Ross - Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UKR. C. Hickox - Dartmouth College
- Publication Details
- Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, v 495(3), pp 3252-3275
- Publisher
- Oxford Univ Press
- Number of pages
- 24
- Grant note
- 1715847; 1455342 / National Science Foundation (NSF) Ernest Rutherford Fellowship scheme NNX17AF04G / NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program (ADAP) 17-ATP17-0067 / National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) 26968 / Scialog Award from the Research Corporation for Science Advancement ST/P000541/1 / STFC; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Cottrell Scholar Award from the Research Corporation for Science Advancement Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF) AST-1517491; AST-1715216; AST-1652522 / NSF; National Science Foundation (NSF) Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Accelerated Career Entry Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN); Physics
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000543025500052
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85088039959
- Other Identifier
- 991019168982304721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Astronomy & Astrophysics