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The interplay between cerebellum and basal ganglia in motor adaptation: A modeling study
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

The interplay between cerebellum and basal ganglia in motor adaptation: A modeling study

Dmitrii I Todorov, Robert A Capps, William H Barnett, Elizaveta M Latash, Taegyo Kim, Khaldoun C Hamade, Sergey N Markin, Ilya A Rybak and Yaroslav I Molkov
PloS one, v 14(4), pp e0214926-e0214926
2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214926
PMID: 30978216
url
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214926View
Published, Version of Record (VoR)CC BY V4.0,  Open

Abstract

Adaptation, Physiological - physiology Basal Ganglia - physiology Cerebellum - physiology Humans Models, Neurological Movement - physiology
Motor adaptation to perturbations is provided by learning mechanisms operating in the cerebellum and basal ganglia. The cerebellum normally performs motor adaptation through supervised learning using information about movement error provided by visual feedback. However, if visual feedback is critically distorted, the system may disengage cerebellar error-based learning and switch to reinforcement learning mechanisms mediated by basal ganglia. Yet, the exact conditions and mechanisms of cerebellum and basal ganglia involvement in motor adaptation remain unknown. We use mathematical modeling to simulate control of planar reaching movements that relies on both error-based and non-error-based learning mechanisms. We show that for learning to be efficient only one of these mechanisms should be active at a time. We suggest that switching between the mechanisms is provided by a special circuit that effectively suppresses the learning process in one structure and enables it in the other. To do so, this circuit modulates learning rate in the cerebellum and dopamine release in basal ganglia depending on error-based learning efficiency. We use the model to explain and interpret experimental data on error- and non-error-based motor adaptation under different conditions.

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Neurosciences
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