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The role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in understanding attention-related networks in single subjects
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

The role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in understanding attention-related networks in single subjects

B.E. Yeager, C.C. Dougher, R.H. Cook and J.D. Medaglia
Current research in neurobiology, v 2, 100017
2021
url
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crneur.2021.100017View
Published, Version of Record (VoR)CC BY V4.0 Open

Abstract

Attention Network neuroscience Network parcellation Neuromodulation Personalized neuromodulation TMS
Attention is a cognitive mechanism that has been studied through several methodological viewpoints, including animal models, MRI in stroke patients, and fMRI in healthy subjects. Activation-based fMRI research has also pointed to specific networks that activate during attention tasks. Most recently, network neuroscience has been used to study the functional connectivity of large-scale networks for attention to reveal how strongly correlated networks are to each other when engaged in specific behaviors. While neuroimaging has revealed important information about the neural correlates of attention, it is crucial to better understand how these processes are organized and executed in the brain in single subjects to guide theories and treatments for attention. Noninvasive brain stimulation is an effective tool to causally manipulate neural activity to detect the causal roles of circuits in behavior. We describe how combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with modern precision network analysis in single-subject neuroimaging could test the roles of regions, circuits, and networks in regulating attention as a pathway to improve treatment effect magnitudes and specificity. [Display omitted] •Though studied for over 100 years, the brain basis of attention is still queried.•Complexity in frameworks for attention makes brain mapping difficult.•Relevant brain networks vary significantly across subjects, challenging progress.•Single-subject neuroimaging with TMS can improve our understanding of attention.

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