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Three-dimensional shrinking electronics on freestanding and freeform curvilinear surfaces
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Three-dimensional shrinking electronics on freestanding and freeform curvilinear surfaces

Yangbo Yuan, Dongliang Chen, Jianyu Li, Bowen Li, Abu Musa Abdullah, Fatema Tuz Zohra, Wanqing Zhang, Xianzhe Zhang, Xin Xin, Mohammad Ali Amidian, …
Science advances, v 11(41), eaea8051
10 Oct 2025
PMID: 41061071
url
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea8051View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open

Abstract

Wearable electronics that adapt to three-dimensional (3D) surfaces are essential for next-generation smart internet of things (IoT), yet existing strategies remain limited because of fabrication complexity, material incompatibility, or poor structural control. Here, this work introduces a scalable yet versatile approach to design and fabricate 3D electronic systems by printing liquid metal patterns onto heat-shrinkable polymer substrates. Upon controlled thermal actuation, the 2D circuits transform into target 3D geometries with enhanced electrical performance. The resulting 3D shrinking electronics enable conformal antenna integration for IoT devices and gesture-interactive wearable interfaces. This low-cost, versatile platform offers a paradigm for customizable, shape-adaptive electronics in intelligent real and virtual environments.

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
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