Journal article
Time-integrated Southern-sky Neutrino Source Searches with 10 yr of IceCube Starting-track Events at Energies Down to 1 TeV
The Astrophysical journal, v 998(1), 37
10 Feb 2026
Abstract
In the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a signal of astrophysical neutrinos is obscured by backgrounds from atmospheric neutrinos and muons produced in cosmic-ray interactions. IceCube event selections used to isolate the astrophysical neutrino signal often focus on the morphology of the light patterns recorded by the detector. The analyses presented here use the new IceCube Enhanced Starting Track Event Selection (ESTES), which identifies events likely generated by muon–neutrino interactions within the detector geometry, focusing on neutrino energies of 1–500 TeV with a median angular resolution of 1.4 $\mathop{}\limits^{\unicode{x000b0}}$ . Selecting for starting-track events filters out not only the atmospheric-muon background but also the atmospheric-neutrino background in the southern sky. This improves IceCube’s muon–neutrino sensitivity to southern-sky neutrino sources, especially for Galactic sources that are not expected to produce a substantial flux of neutrinos above 100 TeV. In this work, the ESTES sample was applied for the first time to search for astrophysical sources of neutrinos, including a search for diffuse neutrino emission from the Galactic plane. No significant excesses were identified from any of the analyses; however, constraining limits are set on the hadronic emission from TeV gamma-ray Galactic plane objects and models of the diffuse Galactic plane neutrino flux.
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- Title
- Time-integrated Southern-sky Neutrino Source Searches with 10 yr of IceCube Starting-track Events at Energies Down to 1 TeV
- Creators
- R. Abbasi - Loyola University ChicagoM. Ackermann - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYJ. Adams - University of CanterburyS. K. Agarwalla - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAJ. A. Aguilar - Université Libre de BruxellesM. Ahlers - University of CopenhagenJ.M. Alameddine - TU Dortmund UniversityN. M. Amin - University of DelawareK. Andeen - Marquette UniversityC. Argüelles - Harvard UniversityY. Ashida - University of UtahS. Athanasiadou - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYS. N. Axani - University of DelawareR. Babu - Michigan State UniversityX. Bai - South Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyA. Balagopal V. - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAM. Baricevic - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAS. W. Barwick - University of California, IrvineS. Bash - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenV. Basu - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAR. Bay - University of California, BerkeleyJ. J. BeattyJ. Becker Tjus - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , D-44780 Bochum, GermanyJ. Beise - Uppsala UniversityC. Bellenghi - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenS. BenZvi - University of RochesterD. Berley - University of Maryland, College ParkE. Bernardini - Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università Degli Studi di Padova , I-35122 Padova PD, ItalyD. Z. Besson - University of KansasE. Blaufuss - University of Maryland, College ParkL. Bloom - University of AlabamaS. Blot - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYF. Bontempo - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJ. Y. Book Motzkin - Harvard UniversityC. Boscolo Meneguolo - Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università Degli Studi di Padova , I-35122 Padova PD, ItalyS. Böser - Institute of Physics, University of Mainz , Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyO. Botner - Uppsala UniversityJ. Böttcher - RWTH Aachen UniversityJ. Braun - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAB. Brinson - Georgia Institute of TechnologyZ. Brisson-Tsavoussis - Queen's UniversityJ. Brostean-Kaiser - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYL. Brusa - RWTH Aachen UniversityR. T. Burley - Department of Physics, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, 5005, AustraliaD. Butterfield - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAM. A. Campana - Dept. of Physics, Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAI. Caracas - Institute of Physics, University of Mainz , Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyK. Carloni - Harvard UniversityJ. CarpioS. Chattopadhyay - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAN. Chau - Université Libre de BruxellesZ. Chen - Stony Brook UniversityD. Chirkin - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAS. ChoiB. A. Clark - University of Maryland, College ParkA. Coleman - Uppsala UniversityP. Coleman - RWTH Aachen UniversityG. H. Collin - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyA. ConnollyJ. M. Conrad - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyR. Corley - University of UtahD. F. CowenC. De Clercq - Vrije Universiteit BrusselJ. J. DeLaunay - University of AlabamaD. Delgado - Harvard UniversityS. Deng - RWTH Aachen UniversityA. Desai - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAP. Desiati - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAK. D. de Vries - Vrije Universiteit BrusselG. de Wasseige - UCLouvainT. DeYoung - Michigan State UniversityA. Diaz - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyJ. C. Díaz-Vélez - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAP. Dierichs - RWTH Aachen UniversityM. Dittmer - Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Münster , D-48149 Münster, GermanyA. Domi - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergL. Draper - University of UtahH. Dujmovic - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAD. Durnford - University of AlbertaK. Dutta - Institute of Physics, University of Mainz , Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyM. A. DuVernois - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAT. Ehrhardt - Institute of Physics, University of Mainz , Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyL. Eidenschink - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenA. Eimer - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergP. Eller - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenE. Ellinger - University of WuppertalS. El Mentawi - RWTH Aachen UniversityD. Elsässer - TU Dortmund UniversityR. EngelH. Erpenbeck - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAW. Esmail - Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Münster , D-48149 Münster, GermanyJ. Evans - University of Maryland, College ParkP. A. Evenson - University of DelawareK. L. Fan - University of Maryland, College ParkK. Fang - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAK. Farrag - Chiba UniversityA. R. Fazely - Dept. of Physics, Southern University , Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USAA. Fedynitch - Institute of Physics, Academia SinicaN. Feigl - Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinS. Fiedlschuster - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergC. Finley - Stockholm UniversityL. Fischer - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYD. Fox - Pennsylvania State UniversityA. Franckowiak - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , D-44780 Bochum, GermanyS. Fukami - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYP. Fürst - RWTH Aachen UniversityJ. Gallagher - Dept. of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAE. Ganster - RWTH Aachen UniversityA. Garcia - Harvard UniversityM. Garcia - University of DelawareG. Garg - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAE. GentonL. Gerhardt - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryA. Ghadimi - University of AlabamaC. Girard-Carillo - Institute of Physics, University of Mainz , Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyC. Glaser - Uppsala UniversityT. GlüsenkampJ. G. Gonzalez - University of DelawareS. GoswamiA. Granados - Michigan State UniversityD. Grant - Simon Fraser UniversityS. J. Gray - University of Maryland, College ParkS. Griffin - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAS. Griswold - University of RochesterK. M. Groth - University of CopenhagenD. Guevel - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAC. Günther - RWTH Aachen UniversityP. Gutjahr - TU Dortmund UniversityC. Ha - Chung-Ang UniversityC. Haack - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergA. Hallgren - Uppsala UniversityL. Halve - RWTH Aachen UniversityF. Halzen - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAL. Hamacher - RWTH Aachen UniversityH. Hamdaoui - Stony Brook UniversityM. Ha Minh - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenM. Handt - RWTH Aachen UniversityK. Hanson - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAJ. Hardin - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyA. A. Harnisch - Michigan State UniversityP. Hatch - Queen's UniversityA. Haungs - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJ. Häussler - RWTH Aachen UniversityK. Helbing - University of WuppertalJ. Hellrung - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , D-44780 Bochum, GermanyJ. Hermannsgabner - RWTH Aachen UniversityL. Heuermann - RWTH Aachen UniversityN. Heyer - Uppsala UniversityS. Hickford - University of WuppertalA. Hidvegi - Stockholm UniversityC. Hill - Chiba UniversityG. C. Hill - The University of AdelaideR. Hmaid - Chiba UniversityK. D. Hoffman - University of Maryland, College ParkS. Hori - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAK. Hoshina - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAM. Hostert - Harvard UniversityW. Hou - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyT. Huber - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyK. Hultqvist - Stockholm UniversityM. Hünnefeld - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAR. Hussain - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAK. HymonA. Ishihara - Chiba UniversityW. Iwakiri - Chiba UniversityM. Jacquart - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAS. Jain - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAO. Janik - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergM. Jansson - Sungkyunkwan UniversityM. Jeong - University of UtahM. Jin - Harvard UniversityB. J. P. Jones - The University of Texas at ArlingtonN. Kamp - Harvard UniversityD. Kang - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyW. Kang - Sungkyunkwan UniversityX. Kang - Drexel UniversityA. Kappes - Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Münster , D-48149 Münster, GermanyD. Kappesser - Institute of Physics, University of Mainz , Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyL. Kardum - TU Dortmund UniversityT. Karg - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYM. Karl - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenA. Karle - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAA. Katil - University of AlbertaU. Katz - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergM. Kauer - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAJ. L. Kelley - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAM. Khanal - University of UtahA. Khatee Zathul - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAA. KheirandishJ. Kiryluk - Stony Brook UniversityS. R. KleinY. Kobayashi - Chiba UniversityA. Kochocki - Michigan State UniversityR. Koirala - University of DelawareH. Kolanoski - Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinT. Kontrimas - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenL. Köpke - Institute of Physics, University of Mainz , Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyC. Kopper - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergD. J. Koskinen - University of CopenhagenP. Koundal - University of DelawareM. KowalskiT. Kozynets - University of CopenhagenN. Krieger - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , D-44780 Bochum, GermanyJ. Krishnamoorthi - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAT. Krishnan - Harvard UniversityK. Kruiswijk - UCLouvainE. Krupczak - Michigan State UniversityA. Kumar - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYE. Kun - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , D-44780 Bochum, GermanyN. Kurahashi - Dept. of Physics, Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAN. Lad - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYC. Lagunas Gualda - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenM. Lamoureux - UCLouvainM. J. Larson - University of Maryland, College ParkF. Lauber - University of WuppertalJ. P. Lazar - UCLouvainK. Leonard DeHolton - Pennsylvania State UniversityA. Leszczyńska - University of DelawareJ. Liao - Georgia Institute of TechnologyM. Lincetto - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , D-44780 Bochum, GermanyY. T. Liu - Pennsylvania State UniversityM. Liubarska - University of AlbertaC. Love - Drexel UniversityL. Lu - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAF. Lucarelli - Département de Physique NucléaireW. LuszczakY. LyuJ. Madsen - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAE. Magnus - Vrije Universiteit BrusselK. B. M. Mahn - Michigan State UniversityY. Makino - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAE. Manao - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenS. Mancina - Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università Degli Studi di Padova , I-35122 Padova PD, ItalyA. Mand - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAW. Marie Sainte - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAI. C. Mariş - Université Libre de BruxellesS. Marka - Columbia UniversityZ. Marka - Columbia UniversityM. Marsee - University of AlabamaI. Martinez-Soler - Harvard UniversityR. Maruyama - University of New HavenF. Mayhew - Michigan State UniversityF. McNally - Department of Physics, Mercer University , Macon, GA 31207-0001, USAJ. V. Mead - University of CopenhagenK. Meagher - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAS. Mechbal - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYA. Medina - The Ohio State UniversityM. Meier - Chiba UniversityY. Merckx - Vrije Universiteit BrusselL. Merten - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , D-44780 Bochum, GermanyJ. Mitchell - Dept. of Physics, Southern University , Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USAT. Montaruli - Département de Physique NucléaireR. W. Moore - University of AlbertaY. Morii - Chiba UniversityR. Morse - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAM. Moulai - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAT. Mukherjee - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyR. Naab - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYM. Nakos - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAU. Naumann - University of WuppertalJ. Necker - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYA. Negi - The University of Texas at ArlingtonL. Neste - Stockholm UniversityM. Neumann - Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Münster , D-48149 Münster, GermanyH. Niederhausen - Michigan State UniversityM. U. Nisa - Michigan State UniversityK. Noda - Chiba UniversityA. Noell - RWTH Aachen UniversityA. Novikov - University of DelawareA. Obertacke Pollmann - Chiba UniversityV. O’Dell - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAA. Olivas - University of Maryland, College ParkR. Orsoe - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenJ. Osborn - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAE. O’Sullivan - Uppsala UniversityV. Palusova - Institute of Physics, University of Mainz , Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyH. Pandya - University of DelawareN. Park - Queen's UniversityG. K. Parker - The University of Texas at ArlingtonV. Parrish - Michigan State UniversityE. N. Paudel - University of DelawareL. Paul - South Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyC. Pérez de los Heros - Uppsala UniversityT. Pernice - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYJ. Peterson - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAA. Pizzuto - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAM. Plum - South Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyA. Pontén - Uppsala UniversityY. Popovych - Institute of Physics, University of Mainz , Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyM. Prado Rodriguez - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAB. Pries - Michigan State UniversityR. Procter- Murphy - University of Maryland, College ParkG. T. Przybylski - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryL. Pyras - University of UtahC. Raab - UCLouvainJ. Rack-Helleis - Institute of Physics, University of Mainz , Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyN. Rad - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYM. Ravn - Uppsala UniversityK. Rawlins - University of Alaska AnchorageZ. Rechav - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAA. Rehman - University of DelawareE. Resconi - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenS. Reusch - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYW. Rhode - TU Dortmund UniversityB. Riedel - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAA. Rifaie - University of WuppertalE. J. Roberts - Department of Physics, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, 5005, AustraliaS. RobertsonS. RodanM. Rongen - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergA. Rosted - Chiba UniversityC. RottT. Ruhe - TU Dortmund UniversityL. Ruohan - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenD. Ryckbosch - Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent , B-9000 Gent, BelgiumI. Safa - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAJ. Saffer - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyD. Salazar-Gallegos - Michigan State UniversityP. Sampathkumar - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyA. Sandrock - University of WuppertalM. Santander - University of AlabamaS. Sarkar - University of AlbertaS. Sarkar - University of OxfordJ. Savelberg - RWTH Aachen UniversityP. Savina - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAP. Schaile - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenM. Schaufel - RWTH Aachen UniversityH. Schieler - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyS. Schindler - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergL. Schlickmann - Institute of Physics, University of Mainz , Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyB. Schlüter - Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Münster , D-48149 Münster, GermanyF. Schlüter - Université Libre de BruxellesN. Schmeisser - University of WuppertalT. Schmidt - University of Maryland, College ParkJ. Schneider - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergF. G. SchröderL. Schumacher - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergS. Schwirn - RWTH Aachen UniversityS. Sclafani - University of Maryland, College ParkD. Seckel - University of DelawareL. Seen - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAM. Seikh - University of KansasM. Seo - Sungkyunkwan UniversityS. Seunarine - University of Wisconsin–River FallsP. Sevle Myhr - UCLouvainR. Shah - Dept. of Physics, Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAS. Shefali - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyN. Shimizu - Chiba UniversityM. Silva - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAB. Skrzypek - University of California, BerkeleyB. Smithers - The University of Texas at ArlingtonR. Snihur - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAJ. Soedingrekso - TU Dortmund UniversityA. Sègaard - University of CopenhagenD. Soldin - University of UtahP. Soldin - RWTH Aachen UniversityG. Sommani - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , D-44780 Bochum, GermanyC. Spannfellner - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenG. M. Spiczak - University of Wisconsin–River FallsC. Spiering - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYJ. Stachurska - Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent , B-9000 Gent, BelgiumM. Stamatikos - The Ohio State UniversityT. Stanev - University of DelawareT. Stezelberger - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryT. Stürwald - University of WuppertalT. Stuttard - University of CopenhagenG. W. Sullivan - University of Maryland, College ParkI. Taboada - Georgia Institute of TechnologyS. Ter-Antonyan - Dept. of Physics, Southern University , Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USAA. Terliuk - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenM. Thiesmeyer - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAW. G. Thompson - Harvard UniversityJ. Thwaites - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAS. Tilav - University of DelawareK. Tollefson - Michigan State UniversityC. Tönnis - Sungkyunkwan UniversityS. Toscano - Université Libre de BruxellesD. Tosi - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAA. Trettin - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYM. A. Unland Elorrieta - Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Münster , D-48149 Münster, GermanyA. K. Upadhyay - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAK. Upshaw - Dept. of Physics, Southern University , Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USAA. Vaidyanathan - Marquette UniversityN. Valtonen-Mattila - Uppsala UniversityJ. Vandenbroucke - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAN. van Eijndhoven - Vrije Universiteit BrusselD. Vannerom - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyJ. van Santen - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYJ. Vara - Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Münster , D-48149 Münster, GermanyF. Varsi - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJ. Veitch-Michaelis - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAM. Venugopal - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyM. Vereecken - UCLouvainS. Vergara Carrasco - University of CanterburyS. Verpoest - University of DelawareD. Veske - Columbia UniversityA. Vijai - University of Maryland, College ParkC. Walck - Stockholm UniversityA. Wang - Georgia Institute of TechnologyC. Weaver - Michigan State UniversityP. Weigel - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyA. Weindl - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJ. Weldert - Pennsylvania State UniversityA. Y. Wen - Harvard UniversityC. Wendt - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAJ. Werthebach - TU Dortmund UniversityM. Weyrauch - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyN. Whitehorn - Michigan State UniversityC. H. Wiebusch - RWTH Aachen UniversityD. R. Williams - University of AlabamaL. Witthaus - TU Dortmund UniversityM. Wolf - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenG. Wrede - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergX. W. Xu - Dept. of Physics, Southern University , Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USAJ. P. Yanez - University of AlbertaE. Yildizci - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAS. Yoshida - Chiba UniversityR. Young - University of KansasF. Yu - Harvard UniversityS. Yu - University of UtahT. Yuan - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAA. Zegarelli - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , D-44780 Bochum, GermanyS. Zhang - Michigan State UniversityZ. Zhang - Stony Brook UniversityP. Zhelnin - Harvard UniversityP. Zilberman - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAM. Zimmerman - Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USAIceCube Collaboration
- Publication Details
- The Astrophysical journal, v 998(1), 37
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Number of pages
- 19
- Grant note
- USA-U.S. National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation, Physics Division, U.S. National Science FoundationEPSCoR, U.S. National Science FoundationWisconsin Alumni Research FoundationAdvanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services & Support (ACCESS)NVIDIA CorporationGoogle Cloud PlatformFWO Odysseus and Big Science programmesBelgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo)Germany-Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz AssociationSweden-Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Polar Research SecretariatKnut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationEuropean Union-EGI Advanced Computing for researchAustralia-Australian Research CouncilWestGridDenmark-Villum FondenCarlsberg FoundationEuropean CommissionNew Zealand-Marsden FundKorea-National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)Switzerland-Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
The IceCube collaboration recognizes the significant contributions to this work by Sarah Mancina and Manuel Silva. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the following agencies and institutions: USA-U.S. National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation, Physics Division, U.S. National Science Foundation, EPSCoR, U.S. National Science Foundation, Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC) at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Open Science Grid (OSG), Partnership to Advance Throughput Computing (PATh), Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services & Support (ACCESS), Frontera computing project at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Particle astrophysics research computing center at the University of Maryland, Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University, Astroparticle physics computational facility at Marquette University, NVIDIA Corporation, and Google Cloud Platform; Belgium-Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS and FWO), FWO Odysseus and Big Science programmes, and Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); Germany-Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), and High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen; Sweden-Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; European Union-EGI Advanced Computing for research; Australia-Australian Research Council; Canada-Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Calcul Quebec, Compute Ontario, Canada Foundation for Innovation, WestGrid, and Digital Research Alliance of Canada; Denmark-Villum Fonden, Carlsberg Foundation, and European Commission; New Zealand-Marsden Fund; Japan-Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) of Chiba University; Korea-National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Switzerland-Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). This research made use of gamma-cat (https://github.com/gammapy/gamma-cat), an open data collection and source catalog for gamma-ray astronomy.
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Physics
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001691125500001
- Other Identifier
- 991022162823804721