Because of its high electronic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and optical transparency, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) is a frequently used substrate for photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and other electrocatalytic systems. These applications often require high surface-area substrates, but typical wet-chemical and lithographic approaches to nanostructure this promising material have been limited by the toxic fluorine ion and the resistance of tin oxide to standard chemical etchants. In this work, we develop a novel process to nanostructure commercial FTO by combining nanosphere lithography with argon ion-milling. We show nanostructured FTO with nanopillars of tunable height and diameter. Depositing tungsten oxide with atomic layer deposition on the nanostructured FTO substrate yields a PEC photoanode improvement of 40% over the baseline FTO substrate. The improvement is ascribed mainly to the increased roughness factor achieved by nanostructuring the substrate.
Top-down fabrication of fluorine-doped tin oxide nanopillar substrates for solar water splitting
Creators
Maureen H. Tang - Drexel University
Pongkarn Chakthranont - Stanford University
Thomas F. Jaramillo - Stanford University
Publication Details
RSC advances, v 7(45), pp 28350-28357
Publisher
Royal Soc Chemistry
Number of pages
8
Grant note
CBET-1433442 / NSF; National Science Foundation (NSF)
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office; United States Department of Energy (DOE)
National Science Foundation, Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET); National Science Foundation (NSF)
Resource Type
Journal article
Language
English
Academic Unit
Chemical and Biological Engineering
Web of Science ID
WOS:000402999300047
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85021666006
Other Identifier
991019169012704721
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