Journal article
Translating Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays to the Microscale: Lab on a Chip for Point-of-Care Molecular Diagnostics
Current analytical chemistry, v 12(5), pp 386-396
01 Oct 2016
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Background: Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) provides the highest levels of sensitivity and specificity for sequence-specific detection of DNA and RNA associated with pathogens and diseases. Currently, these tests are largely limited to laboratory use, as they require considerable sample preparation and expensive instrumentation. However, emerging microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology enables low-cost, easy-to-use, palm-sized NAAT devices, widening NAAT applications to point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. Here, we review the evolution of microfluidic-based molecular diagnostics with a focus on work that has been carried out in our laboratory as an instructive case study.
Methods: We discuss technology pathways for integration of pathogen lysis, nucleic acid isolation, amplification, and quantitative detection of DNA and RNA in a microfluidic format suitable for POC diagnostics. In addition, novel microfluidic approaches for plasma extraction, and enzymatic amplification reaction-diffusion-based method (nuclemeter technology) for end-point quantification are described.
Results: Simplifications in design and operation of the microfluidic-based molecular (nucleic acid) diagnostics can be realized with modifications to solid-phase extraction methods to isolate, purify, and concentrate nucleic acid; the use of isothermal amplification; pre-loaded, paraffin-encapsulated reagents; chemical heating; and Smartphone-based detection.
Conclusion: The future development of microfluidic-based POC devices is to fully integrate multiple processes required for genetic analysis on a single microfluidic format platform. There is an urgent need for such inexpensive, POC, molecular diagnostic systems at the bedside, at home, in doctors' and dentists' offices, clinics, and pharmacies, and especially in resource-limited regions of the world.
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Details
- Title
- Translating Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays to the Microscale: Lab on a Chip for Point-of-Care Molecular Diagnostics
- Creators
- Michael G. Mauk - Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAJinzhao Song - Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAYubing Tong - Univ Penn, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAHaim H. Bau - Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAChangchun Liu - University of Pennsylvania
- Publication Details
- Current analytical chemistry, v 12(5), pp 386-396
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publ Ltd
- Number of pages
- 11
- Grant note
- K25AI099160; R41AI104418 / NIH; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA AI045008 / Penn CFAR Pilot Grant
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Engineering Technology
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000390338300001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84986880357
- Other Identifier
- 991020623757104721
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- Web of Science research areas
- Chemistry, Analytical