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Transverse Doppler in-vivo spectrograms
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Transverse Doppler in-vivo spectrograms

G. Guidi, P. Tortoli, Y. Chabria, D. Righi, P. Pignoli and V.L. Newhouse
European journal of ultrasound, v 5(3), pp 179-189
1997
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-8266(97)00017-7

Abstract

Doppler artifacts Doppler bandwidth Spectral analysis Transverse Doppler Ultrasound
Objective: It is known that a focused ultrasound beam transversely oriented to the direction of flow gives a Doppler spectrum, which despite being centred on zero frequency, has a non-zero bandwidth proportional to the velocity of the insonified flow. This is the main concept of the so-called ‘Transverse Doppler’ theory. The aim of this study is to show a collection of Doppler waveforms obtained in the as yet unusual transverse beam-to-flow orientation and to explain how to gain additional flow information from them. Methods: The results shown have been collected between 1993 and 1996 in three different laboratories located in Florence, Milan and Philadelphia. Commercial pulsed wave (PW) and Duplex scanners have been used and coupled with a custom spectrum analysis unit to provide clearer spectrograms. Results: Comparisons between transverse and conventional spectrograms obtained from arteries of healthy subjects are reported. We also show how the transverse sonograms can be distinguished from waveforms having similar appearance, but caused by erroneous instrumentation settings. One case of turbulent flow produced by a tight stenosis in a common femoral artery (FMA) is finally analyzed. Conclusion: Transverse Doppler spectrograms generated by any focused transducer, if properly interpreted, can give flow information complementary to that contained in conventional sonograms. Using this additional piece of information, the field of application of Doppler flow measurements is extended from the range of acute angles to all angles.

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