Journal article
VERITAS and Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar B3 2247+381 in Response to an IceCube Neutrino Alert
The Astrophysical Journal, v 982(2), 80
01 Apr 2025
Abstract
While the sources of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory are still largely unknown, one of the promising methods to improve our understanding of them is investigating the potential temporal and spatial correlations between neutrino alerts and the electromagnetic radiation from blazars. We report on the multiwavelength target-of-opportunity observations of the blazar B3 2247+381, taken in response to an IceCube multiplet alert for a cluster of muon neutrino events compatible with the source location between 2022 May 20 and 2022 November 10. B3 2247+381 was not detected with VERITAS during this time period. The source was found to be in a low-flux state in the optical, ultraviolet, and gamma-ray bands for the time interval corresponding to the neutrino event, but was detected in the hard X-ray band with NuSTAR during this period. We find the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution is described well using a simple one-zone leptonic synchrotron self-Compton radiation model. Moreover, assuming the neutrinos originate from hadronic processes within the jet, the neutrino flux would be accompanied by a photon flux from the cascade emission, and the integrated photon flux required in such a case would significantly exceed the total multiwavelength fluxes and the VERITAS upper limits presented here. The lack of flaring activity observed with VERITAS, combined with the low multiwavelength flux levels, as well as the significance of the neutrino excess being at a 3σ level (uncorrected for trials), makes B3 2247+381 an unlikely source of the IceCube multiplet. We conclude that the neutrino excess is likely a background fluctuation.
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Details
- Title
- VERITAS and Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar B3 2247+381 in Response to an IceCube Neutrino Alert
- Creators
- A Acharyya - University of AlabamaC B Adams - Columbia UniversityP Bangale - University of DelawareJ T Bartkoske - University of UtahW Benbow - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & SmithsonianJ H BuckleyJ L ChristiansenA Duerr - University of UtahM Errando - Argonne National LaboratoryM Escobar Godoy - University of California, Santa CruzA FalconeQ Feng - Columbia UniversityJ Foote - University of DelawareL Fortson - University of MinnesotaA Furniss - California State University, East BayG Gallagher - Ball State UniversityW HanlonD Hanna - McGill UniversityO Hervet - University of California, Santa CruzJ Hoang - University of California, Santa CruzC E Hinrichs - Dartmouth CollegeJ Holder - University of DelawareT B HumenskyW Jin - University of AlabamaM N JohnsonP Kaaret - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYM Kertzman - DePauw UniversityM KherlakianD Kieda - University of UtahT K Kleiner - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYN Korzoun - University of DelawareF KrennrichS KumarM J Lang - Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of GalwayM Lundy - McGill UniversityC E McGrath - University College DublinE Meyer - University of Maryland, Baltimore CountyM J Millard - University of IowaJ MillisC L Mooney - University of DelawareP Moriarty - Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of GalwayR Mukherjee - Barnard CollegeW Ning - University of California, Los AngelesS O’Brien - McGill UniversityR A Ong - University of California, Los AngelesM PohlE Pueschel - Washington University in St. LouisJ Quinn - University College DublinP L RabinowitzK Ragan - McGill UniversityP T Reynolds - Munster Technological UniversityD RibeiroE RoacheJ L RyanI Sadeh - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYA C Sadun - University of Colorado DenverL SahaM SantanderG H Sembroski - Purdue University West LafayetteR Shang - Argonne National LaboratoryM SplettstoesserD Tak - Seoul National UniversityA K Talluri - University of MinnesotaJ V TucciJ ValverdeD A WilliamsS L WongJ Woo - Columbia UniversityR AbbasiM AckermannJ Adams - University of CanterburyS K AgarwallaJ A AguilarM Ahlers - University of CopenhagenJ M Alameddine - TU Dortmund UniversityN M AminK Andeen - Marquette UniversityC Argüelles - Harvard University PressY AshidaS AthanasiadouS N Axani - University of DelawareR Babu - Michigan State UniversityX Bai - South Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyA Balagopal V.M BaricevicS W BarwickS BashV Basu - University of Wisconsin–MadisonR BayJ J BeattyJ Becker TjusJ BeiseC BellenghiS BenZvi - University of RochesterD Berley - University of Maryland, College ParkE Bernardini - University of PaduaD Z Besson - University of KansasE BlaufussL BloomS Blot
- Publication Details
- The Astrophysical Journal, v 982(2), 80
- Publisher
- Institute of Physics
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Physics
- Other Identifier
- 991022041973204721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Astronomy & Astrophysics