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Vasoplegic syndrome: An update on perioperative considerations
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Vasoplegic syndrome: An update on perioperative considerations

Henry Liu, Ling Yu, Longqiu Yang and Michael S. Green
Journal of clinical anesthesia, v 40, pp 63-71
Aug 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2017.04.017
PMID: 28625450
Featured in Collection :   UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel

Abstract

ACE inhibitor Angiotensin receptor antagonist ATP-dependent K channels Copeptin Methylene blue Nitric oxide Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) V1A-receptor Vasoplegia Vasoplegic syndrome
Vasoplegic syndrome (VS) is increasingly recognized as an important clinical entity in perioperative medicine. VS is characterized by significant arterial hypotension, normal or high cardiac output, low systemic vascular resistance, and increased requirements for intravenous volume and vasopressors. Tremendous variations exist regarding incidence reported in the literature and management at different institutions; and the incidence of VS is likely significantly higher than many anesthesiologists believe. Thus the aims of this article are to review the pertinent aspects related to VS and alert clinical anesthesiologists to this under-recognized yet very challenging clinical condition. The potential risk factors include blood transfusion, cardiopulmonary bypass, organ transplantation, trauma and sepsis, and use of specific medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, Angiotensin-II antagonist, heparin, amiodarone, aprotinin, and protamine. The pathogenesis of VS may have several mechanistic pathways, overproduction of inducible nitric oxide, activation of ATP-dependent K channels, vasopressin V1A-receptor down-regulation, and nuclear factor-κB activation. Current management strategies include intravenous administration of volume and catecholamines, vasopressin, methylene blue and high dose hydroxocobalamin. Other treatment could include ATP-sensitive K channel blocker, nuclear factor-κB inhibitor, indigo carmine, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. VS is still associated with significantly increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. •Vasoplegic syndrome is characterized by significant hypotension, normal/high CO, low SVR, and increased volume and vasopressors requirement.•The risk factors include transfusion, cardiopulmonary bypass, transplantation, trauma, ACE inhibitor & angiotensin-II receptor blocker etc.•The mechanistic pathways include iNO overproduction, KATP channel and/or NF-κB activation, and vasopressin V1A-receptor down-regulation.•Current therapy includes fluids, catecholamines, vasopressin, methylene blue and hydroxocobalamin.•Vasoplegic syndrome is still associated with poor outcome, particularly in patients with norepinephrine-refractory vasoplegic syndrome.

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Collaboration types
International collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Anesthesiology
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