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Vertically orientated one-dimensional titania lepidocrocite quasi nanoflakes for stabilized lithium deposition in lithium metal anodes
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Vertically orientated one-dimensional titania lepidocrocite quasi nanoflakes for stabilized lithium deposition in lithium metal anodes

Neal A. Cardoza, Mary Qin Hassig, Tran Ngo, Taber Yim, Brianna Markunas, Joshua Snyder, Michel W. Barsoum and Vibha Kalra
EES Batteries, v 2(2), pp 552-561
20 Apr 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EB00196J
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https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EB00196JView
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open

Abstract

Lithium metal has long been considered the ideal anode for a variety of cell chemistries owing to its quite high gravimetric capacity. Dendrite growth, loss of Li in SEI, and processing challenges, however, restrict its practical deployment. Here, a new form of titania, TiO 2 , viz . 1-dimensional lepidocrocite (1DL) are used as the basis for creating a Li scaffold. The basic units are Ti–O chains – 5 × 7 Å 2 in cross-section – that can assemble into quasi 2D nanoflakes. These nanoflakes are synthesized via a bottom-up reaction, directly from commercial 3D-bulk solids at near ambient temperatures and pressures. Here the 2D flakes are vertically oriented to guide Li-metal deposition and serve as a Li metal scaffold. This is achieved through a directional control freezing of an aqueous blade cast slurry. The vertical-1DLs (V-1DL) enable Li nucleation at lower overpotentials compared with bare copper or a conventional cast slurry of 1DL. Their long-range order and vertical alignment contribute to improved Li-ion fluxes. V-1DLs also show improved cyclability with plating and stripping at 2 mAh cm −2 and 2 mA cm −2 , up to 150 h. Dead Li measurements further indicate that V-1DL reduces Li loss to dead Li.

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