Journal article
Vision Screening, Vision Disorders, and Impacts of Hyperopia in Young Children: Outcomes of the Vision in Preschoolers (VIP) and Vision in Preschoolers – Hyperopia in Preschoolers (VIP-HIP) Studies
Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.), v 11(1), pp 52-58
18 Jan 2022
PMID: 35044337
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
This review summarizes clinically relevant outcomes from the Vision in Preschoolers (VIP) and VIP–Hyperopia in Preschoolers (VIP-HIP) studies. In VIP, refraction tests (retinoscopy, Retinomax, SureSight) and Lea Symbols Visual Acuity performed best in identifying children with vision disorders. For lay screeners, Lea Symbols single, crowded visual acuity (VA) testing (VIP, 5-foot) was significantly better than linear, crowded testing (10-foot). Children unable to perform the tests (<2%) were more likely to have vision disorders than children who passed and should be referred for vision evaluation. Among racial/ethnic groups, the prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus was similar while that of hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia varied. The presence of strabismus and significant refractive errors were risk factors for unilateral amblyopia, while bilateral astigmatism and bilateral hyperopia were risk factors for bilateral amblyopia. A greater risk of astigmatism was associated with Hispanic, African American, and Asian race, and myopic and hyperopic refractive error. The presence and severity of hyperopia were associated with higher rates of amblyopia, strabismus, and other associated refractive error. In the VIP-HIP study, compared to emmetropes, meaningful deficits in early literacy were observed in uncorrected hyperopic 4- and 5-year-olds [≥+4.0 diopter (D) or ≥+3.0 D to ≤+6.0 D associated with reduced near visual function (near VA 20/40 or worse; stereoacuity worse than 240”)]. Hyperopia with reduced near visual function also was associated with attention deficits. Compared to emmetropic children, VA (distance, near), accommodative accuracy, and stereoacuity were significantly reduced in moderate hyperopes, with the greatest risk in those with higher hyperopia. Increasing hyperopia was associated with decreasing visual function.
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Details
- Title
- Vision Screening, Vision Disorders, and Impacts of Hyperopia in Young Children: Outcomes of the Vision in Preschoolers (VIP) and Vision in Preschoolers – Hyperopia in Preschoolers (VIP-HIP) Studies
- Creators
- Marjean Taylor Kulp - The Ohio State UniversityElise Ciner - Salus UniversityGui-shuang Ying - University of PennsylvaniaT. Rowan Candy - Indiana University BloomingtonBruce D. Moore - New England College of OptometryDeborah Orel-Bixler - University of California, Berkeleythe VIP Study Group, and the VIP-HIP Study Group
- Publication Details
- Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.), v 11(1), pp 52-58
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Number of pages
- 7
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry (PCO)
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001018799200001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85124056810
- Other Identifier
- 991022088941304721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Ophthalmology