Journal article
Widely-linear beamforming and RF impairment suppression in massive antenna arrays
Journal of communications and networks, v 15(4), pp 383-397
Aug 2013
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
In this paper, the sensitivity of massive antenna arrays and digital beamforming to radio frequency (RF) chain in-phase quadrature-phase (I/Q) imbalance is studied and analyzed. The analysis shows that massive antenna arrays are increasingly sensitive to such RF chain imperfections, corrupting heavily the radiation pattern and beamforming capabilities. Motivated by this, novel RF-aware digital beamforming methods are then developed for automatically suppressing the unwanted effects of the RF I/Q imbalance without separate calibration loops in all individual receiver branches. More specifically, the paper covers closed-form analysis for signal processing properties as well as the associated radiation and beamforming properties of massive antenna arrays under both systematic and random RF I/Q imbalances. All analysis and derivations in this paper assume ideal signals to be circular. The well-known minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer and a widely-linear (WL) extension of it, called WL-MVDR, are analyzed in detail from the RF imperfection perspective, in terms of interference attenuation and beamsteering. The optimum RF-aware WL-MVDR beamforming solution is formulated and shown to efficiently suppress the RF imperfections. Based on the obtained results, the developed solutions and in particular the RF-aware WL-MVDR method can provide efficient beamsteering and interference suppressing characteristics, despite of the imperfections in the RF circuits. This is seen critical especially in the massive antenna array context where the cost-efficiency of individual RF chains is emphasized.
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Details
- Title
- Widely-linear beamforming and RF impairment suppression in massive antenna arrays
- Creators
- Aki Hakkarainen - Dept. of Electron. & Commun. Eng., Tampere Univ. of Technol., Tampere, FinlandJanis Werner - Dept. of Electron. & Commun. Eng., Tampere Univ. of Technol., Tampere, FinlandKapil R Dandekar - Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA, USAMikko Valkama - Dept. of Electron. & Commun. Eng., Tampere Univ. of Technol., Tampere, Finland
- Publication Details
- Journal of communications and networks, v 15(4), pp 383-397
- Publisher
- Editorial Department of Journal of Communications and Networks
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000325220300006
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84885398642
- Other Identifier
- 991014878492704721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Computer Science, Information Systems
- Telecommunications