Journal article
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of select multi-layered transition metal carbides (MXenes)
Applied surface science, v 362(C), pp 406-417
30 Jan 2016
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
•Surface chemistry of MXenes characterized by XPS.•Studied the surface chemistry of the MXenes Ti3C2Tx, Ti2CTx, Ti3CNTx, Nb2CTx and Nb4C3Tx.•Freshly prepared and aged surfaces were compared.•Four surface moieties were confirmed, including O, OH and F, H2Oads.
In this work, a detailed high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis is presented for select MXenes—a recently discovered family of two-dimensional (2D) carbides and carbonitrides. Given their 2D nature, understanding their surface chemistry is paramount. Herein we identify and quantify the surface groups present before, and after, sputter-cleaning as well as freshly prepared vs. aged multi-layered cold pressed discs. The nominal compositions of the MXenes studied here are Ti3C2Tx, Ti2CTx, Ti3CNTx, Nb2CTx and Nb4C3Tx, where T represents surface groups that this work attempts to quantify. In all the cases, the presence of three surface terminations, O, OH and F, in addition to OH-terminations relatively strongly bonded to H2O molecules, was confirmed. From XPS peak fits, it was possible to establish the average sum of the negative charges of the terminations for the aforementioned MXenes. Based on this work, it is now possible to quantify the nature of the surface terminations. This information can, in turn, be used to better design and tailor these novel 2D materials for various applications.
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Details
- Title
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of select multi-layered transition metal carbides (MXenes)
- Creators
- Joseph Halim - Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAKevin M Cook - Materials Engineering Division, Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670, USAMichael Naguib - Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USAPer Eklund - Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-583 31 Linköping, SwedenYury Gogotsi - Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAJohanna Rosen - Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-583 31 Linköping, SwedenMichel W Barsoum - Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Publication Details
- Applied surface science, v 362(C), pp 406-417
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000368657900056
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84955447114
- Other Identifier
- 991014969758704721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Chemistry, Physical
- Materials Science, Coatings & Films
- Physics, Applied
- Physics, Condensed Matter