Files and links (1)
Hamilton-PollyannaPhenomenon-ClinTox-199855.70 kB
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Restricted Access
Letter/Communication
Pollyanna Phenomenon
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), v 36(1-2), pp 141-141
1998
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
While it certainly is onerous to have to play “professional worriers” to Dr. Robertson’s . Pollyanna, his comments warrant clarification of our point. The rule of three (an established statistical tool) states that 3/n is an upper 95% confidence bound for binomial probability p when in n independent trials no events occur! Indeed, for the set of data in question, the rule of three would set the upper limit of life-threatening complications at 1.5% (if indeed everyone were exposed to the loperamide). However, clinician/scientists use this data to report with 95% confidence that the life-threatening complications could be as little as zero or as much as 1.5%. Cautious clinicians use the upper 95% confidence probability to define the worst possible outcome for their patient. A report of this data with the upper 99% confidence probability would drive that number even higher. As toxicologists, we must not report data as “soft” or “semisoft,” we cannot measure “worry titers” and state that they “plummet to infinitesimal,” and we should not have “increasing confidence that the sky will not fall” based on the statistically biased, retrospective data collected from poison centers. We should strive toward precision. The 19th decimal place is unnecessary, but certainly one or two would be helpful. In conclusion, it was a pleasure to receive Dr. Robertson’s “couldn’t agree more with the authors” support as well as his reflections on Sir Bradford Hill’s concerns about our 1997 data. [1st paragraph]
Metrics
4 Record Views
Details
- Title
- Pollyanna Phenomenon
- Creators
- Richard J. Hamilton - Drexel University, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences (1996-1998)Lewis R. Goldfrank - Drexel University, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences (1996-1998)
- Publication Details
- Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), v 36(1-2), pp 141-141
- Publisher
- Informa UK Ltd
- Number of pages
- 1
- Resource Type
- Letter/Communication
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- College of Medicine
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000072850200033
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-79960490832
- Other Identifier
- 991019335319504721
UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
This publication has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:
InCites Highlights
Data related to this publication, from InCites Benchmarking & Analytics tool:
- Web of Science research areas
- Toxicology