Beta decay Confidence intervals Neutrinos Nuclear reactors Solar neutrinos Solar oscillations
KamLAND has been used to measure the flux of \(\bar{\nu}_e\)'s from distant nuclear reactors. In an exposure of 162 ton\(\cdot\)yr (145.1 days) the ratio of the number of observed inverse \(\beta\)-decay events to the expected number of events without disappearance is \(0.611\pm 0.085 {\rm (stat)} \pm 0.041 {\rm (syst)} \) for \(\bar{\nu}_e\) energies \(>\) 3.4 MeV. The deficit of events is inconsistent with the expected rate for standard \(\bar{\nu}_e\) propagation at the 99.95% confidence level. In the context of two-flavor neutrino oscillations with CPT invariance, these results exclude all oscillation solutions but the `Large Mixing Angle' solution to the solar neutrino problem using reactor \(\bar{\nu}_e\) sources.