Anisotropy Big Bang theory Cold dark matter Correlation analysis Cosmic microwave background Dark matter Median (statistics) Multipoles Power spectra Statistics Thermal energy
We use weighted mean and median statistics techniques to combine individual cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy detections and determine binned, multipole-space, CMB anisotropy power spectra. The resultant power spectra are peaked. The derived weighted-mean CMB anisotropy power spectrum is not a good representation of the individual measurements in a number of multipole-space bins, if the CMB anisotropy is Gaussian and correlations between individual measurements are small. This could mean that some observational error bars are underestimated, possibly as a consequence of undetected systematic effects. Discarding the most discrepant 5% of the measurements alleviates but does not completely resolve this problem. The median-statistics power spectrum of this culled data set is not as constraining as the weighted-mean power spectrum. Nevertheless it indicates that there is more power at multipoles \(\ell \sim 150-250\) than is expected in an open cold dark matter (CDM) model, and it is more consistent with a flat CDM model. Unlike the weighted-mean power spectrum, the median-statistics power spectrum at \(\ell \sim 400-500\) does not exclude a second peak in the flat CDM model.