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Published, Version of Record (VoR)CC BY V4.0, Open
Preprint
Density of GeV muons in air showers measured with IceTop
arXiv.org
18 May 2022
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Abstract
We present a measurement of the density of GeV muons in near-vertical air showers using three years of data recorded by the IceTop array at the South Pole. Depending on the shower size, the muon densities have been measured at lateral distances between 200 m and 1000 m. From these lateral distributions, we derive the muon densities as functions of energy at reference distances of 600 m and 800 m for primary energies between 2.5 PeV and 40 PeV and between 9 PeV and 120 PeV, respectively. The muon densities are determined using, as a baseline, the hadronic interaction model Sibyll 2.1 together with various composition models. The measurements are consistent with the predicted muon densities within these baseline interaction and composition models. The measured muon densities have also been compared to simulations using the post-LHC models EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04. The result of this comparison is that the post-LHC models together with any given composition model yield higher muon densities than observed. This is in contrast to the observations above 1 EeV where all model simulations yield for any mass composition lower muon densities than the measured ones. The post-LHC models in general feature higher muon densities so that the agreement with experimental data at the highest energies is improved but the muon densities are not correct in the energy range between 2.5 PeV and about 100 PeV.
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Details
- Title
- Density of GeV muons in air showers measured with IceTop
- Creators
- R AbbasiM AckermannJ AdamsJ AguilarM AhlersM AhrensJ AlameddineA AlvesN AminK AndeenG AntonC ArgüellesY AshidaS AxaniX BaiA BalagopalS BarwickB BastianV BasuS BaurR BayJ BeattyK -H BeckerJ Becker TjusJ BeiseC BellenghiS BendaS BenZviD BerleyE BernardiniD BessonG BinderD BindigE BlaufussS BlotM BoddenbergF BontempoJ BorowkaS BöserO BotnerJ BöttcherE BourbeauF BradascioJ BraunB BrinsonS BronJ Brostean-KaiserS BrowneA BurgmanR BurleyR BusseM CampanaE Carnie-BroncaC ChenZ ChenD ChirkinK ChoiB ClarkK ClarkL ClassenA ColemanG CollinJ ConradP CoppinP CorreaD CowenR CrossC DappenP DaveC De ClercqJ DeLaunayD Delgado LópezH DembinskiK DeoskarA DesaiP DesiatiK de VriesG de WasseigeM de WithT DeYoungA DiazJ Díaz-VélezM DittmerH DujmovicM DunkmanM DuVernoisT EhrhardtP EllerR EngelH ErpenbeckJ EvansP EvensonK FanA FazelyA FedynitchN FeiglS FiedlschusterA FienbergC FinleyL FischerD FoxA FranckowiakE FriedmanA FritzP FürstT GaisserJ GallagherE GansterA GarciaS GarrappaL GerhardtA GhadimiC GlaserT GlauchT GlüsenkampJ GonzalezS GoswamiD GrantT GrégoireS GriswoldC GüntherP GutjahrC HaackA HallgrenR HallidayL HalveF HalzenM Ha MinhK HansonJ HardinA HarnischA HaungsD HebeckerK HelbingF HenningsenE HettingerS HickfordJ HignightC HillG HillK HoffmanR HoffmannK HoshinaF HuangM HuberT HuberK HultqvistM HünnefeldR HussainK HymonS InN IovineA IshiharaM JanssonG JaparidzeM JeongM JinB JonesD KangW KangX KangA KappesD KappesserL KardumT KargM KarlA KarleU KatzM KauerM KellermannJ KelleyA KheirandishK KinT KintscherJ KirylukS KleinR KoiralaH KolanoskiT KontrimasL KöpkeC KopperS KopperD KoskinenP KoundalM KovacevichM KowalskiT KozynetsE KunN KurahashiN LadC Lagunas GualdaJ LanfranchiM LarsonF LauberJ LazarJ LeeK LeonardA LeszczyńskaY LiM LincettoQ LiuM LiubarskaE LohfinkC Lozano MariscalL LuF LucarelliA LudwigW LuszczakY LyuW MaJ MadsenK MahnY MakinoS MancinaI C Mari{ş}I Martinez-SolerR MaruyamaS McCarthyT McElroyF McNallyJ MeadK MeagherS MechbalA MedinaM MeierS Meighen-BergerJ MicallefD MocklerT MontaruliR MooreR MorseM MoulaiR NaabR NagaiU NaumannJ NeckerL V Nguy{\~{\^{{e}}}}nH NiederhausenM NisaS NowickiA PollmannM OehlerB OeyenA OlivasE O'SullivanH PandyaD PankovaN ParkG ParkerE PaudelL PaulC Pérez de los HerosL PetersJ PetersonS PhilippenS PieperM PittermannA PizzutoM PlumY PopovychA PorcelliM Prado RodriguezB PriesG PrzybylskiC RaabJ Rack-HelleisA RaissiM RameezK RawlinsI ReaZ RechavA RehmanP ReichherzerR ReimannG RenziE ResconiS ReuschW RhodeM RichmanB RiedelE RobertsS RobertsonG RoellinghoffM RongenC RottT RuheD RyckboschD CantuI SafaJ SafferS Sanchez HerreraA SandrockM SantanderS SarkarK SataleckaM SchaufelH SchielerS SchindlerT SchmidtA SchneiderJ SchneiderF SchröderL SchumacherG SchweferS SclafaniD SeckelS SeunarineA SharmaS ShefaliN ShimizuM SilvaB SkrzypekB SmithersR SnihurJ SoedingreksoD SoldinC SpannfellnerG SpiczakC SpieringJ StachurskaM StamatikosT StanevR SteinJ StettnerT StezelbergerT StürwaldT StuttardG SullivanI TaboadaS Ter-AntonyanJ ThwaitesS TilavF TischbeinK TollefsonC TönnisS ToscanoD TosiA TrettinM TselengidouC TungA TurcatiR TurcotteC TurleyJ TwagirayezuB TyM Unland ElorrietaN Valtonen-MattilaJ VandenbrouckeN van EijndhovenD VanneromJ van SantenJ Veitch-MichaelisS VerpoestC WalckW WangT WatsonC WeaverP WeigelA WeindlM WeissJ WeldertC WendtJ WerthebachM WeyrauchN WhitehornC WiebuschD WilliamsM WolfG WredeJ WulffX XuJ YanezE YildizciS YoshidaS YuT YuanZ ZhangP Zhelnin
- Publication Details
- arXiv.org
- Publisher
- Cornell University Library, arXiv.org; Ithaca
- Resource Type
- Preprint
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Physics
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000874485300001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85136099990
- Other Identifier
- 991019173564204721
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- Domestic collaboration
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- Web of Science research areas
- Astronomy & Astrophysics
- Physics, Particles & Fields