IceCube Real-time Searches for High-energy Neutrinos Coincident with LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA Gravitational-Wave Alerts in O4a

The IceCube Collaboration; R Abbasi; M Ackermann; J Adams; J. A Aguilar; M Ahlers; J. M Alameddine; S Ali; N. M Amin; K Andeen; C Argüelles; Y Ashida; S Athanasiadou; S. N Axani; R Babu; X Bai; A. Balagopal V; S. W Barwick; V Basu; R Bay; J. J Beatty; J. Becker Tjus; P Behrens; J Beise; C Bellenghi; S Benkel; S BenZvi; D Berley; E Bernardini; D. Z Besson; E Blaufuss; L Bloom; S Blot; F Bontempo; J. Y. Book Motzkin; C. Boscolo Meneguolo; S Böser; O Botner; J Böttcher; J Braun; B Brinson; Z Brisson-Tsavoussis; L Brusa; R. T Burley; D Butterfield; K Carloni; J Carpio; N Chau; Y. C Chen; Z Chen; D Chirkin; S Choi; A Chubarov; B. A Clark; G. H Collin; D. A. Coloma Borja; A Connolly; J. M Conrad; D. F Cowen; C De Clercq; J. J DeLaunay; D Delgado; T Delmeulle; S Deng; P Desiati; K. D de Vries; G de Wasseige; T DeYoung; J. C Díaz-Vélez; S DiKerby; T Ding; M Dittmer; A Domi; L Draper; L Dueser; D Durnford; K Dutta; M. A DuVernois; T Ehrhardt; L Eidenschink; A Eimer; C Eldridge; P Eller; E Ellinger; D Elsässer; R Engel; H Erpenbeck; W Esmail; S Eulig; J Evans; P. A Evenson; K. L Fan; K Fang; K Farrag; A. R Fazely; A Fedynitch; N Feigl; C Finley; D Fox; A Franckowiak; S Fukami; P Fürst; J Gallagher; E Ganster; A Garcia; M Garcia; E Genton; L Gerhardt; A Ghadimi; C Glaser; T Glüsenkamp; J. G Gonzalez; S Goswami; A Granados; D Grant; S. J Gray; S Griffin; K. M Groth; D Guevel; C Günther; P Gutjahr; C Ha; A Hallgren; L Halve; F Halzen; L Hamacher; M Handt; K Hanson; J Hardin; A. A Harnisch; P Hatch; A Haungs; J Häußler; K Helbing; J Hellrung; B Henke; L Hennig; F Henningsen; L Heuermann; R Hewett; N Heyer; S Hickford; A Hidvegi; C Hill; G. C Hill; R Hmaid; K. D Hoffman; A Hollnagel; D Hooper; S Hori; K Hoshina; M Hostert; W Hou; M Hrywniak; T Huber; K Hultqvist; K Hymon; A Ishihara; W Iwakiri; M Jacquart; S Jain; O Janik; M Jansson; M Jin; N Kamp; D Kang; W Kang; A Kappes; L Kardum; T Karg; A Karle; A Katil; M Kauer; J. L Kelley; M Khanal; A. Khatee Zathul; A Kheirandish; T Kim; H Kimku; F Kirchner; J Kiryluk; C Klein; S. R Klein; Y Kobayashi; S Koch; A Kochocki; R Koirala; H Kolanoski; T Kontrimas; L Köpke; C Kopper; D. J Koskinen; P Koundal; M Kowalski; T Kozynets; A Kravka; N Krieger; T Krishnan; K Kruiswijk; E Krupczak; A Kumar; E Kun; N Kurahashi; C. Lagunas Gualda; L. Lallement Arnaud; M. J Larson; F Lauber; J. P Lazar; K. Leonard DeHolton; A Leszczyńska; C Li; J Liao; C Lin; Q. R Liu; Y. T Liu; M Liubarska; C Love; L Lu; F Lucarelli; W Luszczak; Y Lyu; M Macdonald; E Magnus; Y Makino; E Manao; S Mancina; A Mand; I. C Mariş; S Marka; Z Marka; L Marten; I Martinez-Soler; R Maruyama; J Mauro; F Mayhew; F McNally; K Meagher; A Medina; M Meier; Y Merckx; L Merten; S Minji; J Mitchell; L Molchany; S Mondal; T Montaruli; R. W Moore; Y Morii; A Mosbrugger; D Mousadi; E Moyaux; T Mukherjee; M Nakos; U Naumann; L Neste; M Neumann; H Niederhausen; M. U Nisa; K Noda; A Noell; A Novikov; A Obertacke; V O'Dell; A Olivas; R Orsoe; J Osborn; E O'Sullivan; B Owens; V Palusova; H Pandya; A Parenti; N Park; V Parrish; E. N Paudel; L Paul; C. Pérez de los Heros; T Pernice; T. C Petersen; J Peterson; S Pick; M Plum; A Pontén; V Poojyam; B Pries; R Procter-Murphy; G. T Przybylski; L Pyras; C Raab; J Rack-Helleis; N Rad; M Ravn; K Rawlins; Z Rechav; A Rehman; I Reistroffer; E Resconi; C. D Rho; W Rhode; L Ricca; B Riedel; A Rifaie; E. J Roberts; S Rodan; M. J Romfoe; M Rongen; A Rosted; C Rott; T Ruhe; L Ruohan; D Ryckbosch; J Saffer; D Salazar-Gallegos; P Sampathkumar; A Sandrock; G Sanger-Johnson; M Santander; S Sarkar; M Scarnera; M Schaufel; H Schieler; S Schindler; L Schlickmann; B Schlüter; F Schlüter; N Schmeisser; T Schmidt; A Scholz; F. G Schröder; S Schwirn; S Sclafani; D Seckel; L Seen; M Seikh; S Seunarine; P. A. Sevle Myhr; R Shah; S Shah; S Shefali; N Shimizu; B Skrzypek; R Snihur; J Soedingrekso; D Soldin; P Soldin; G Sommani; D Song; C Spannfellner; G. M Spiczak; C Spiering; J Stachurska; M Stamatikos; T Stanev; T Stezelberger; T Stürwald; T Stuttard; G. W Sullivan; I Taboada; S Ter-Antonyan; A Terliuk; A Thakuri; M Thiesmeyer; W. G Thompson; J Thwaites; S Tilav; K Tollefson; J. A Torres; S Toscano; D Tosi; K Upshaw; A Vaidyanathan; N Valtonen-Mattila; J Valverde; J Vandenbroucke; T Van Eeden; N van Eijndhoven; L Van Rootselaar; J van Santen; J Vara; F Varsi; M Velazquez; M Venugopal; M Vereecken; S. Vergara Carrasco; S Verpoest; D Veske; A Vijai; J Villarreal; C Walck; A Wang; E. H. S Warrick; C Weaver; P Weigel; A Weindl; J Weldert; A. Y Wen; C Wendt; J Werthebach; M Weyrauch; N Whitehorn; C. H Wiebusch; D. R Williams; L Witthaus; G Wrede; X. W Xu; J. P Yanez; Y Yao; E Yildizci; S Yoshida; R Young; F Yu; S Yu; T Yuan; S Yun-Cárcamo; A. Zander Jurowitzki; A Zegarelli; A Zhang; S Zhang; Z Zhang; P Zhelnin; P Zilberman; C. Zilleruelo Cañas

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.13762

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IceCube Real-time Searches for High-energy Neutrinos Coincident with LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA Gravitational-Wave Alerts in O4a

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IceCube Real-time Searches for High-energy Neutrinos Coincident with LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA Gravitational-Wave Alerts in O4a

The IceCube Collaboration, R Abbasi, M Ackermann, J Adams, J. A Aguilar, M Ahlers, J. M Alameddine, S Ali, N. M Amin, K Andeen, …

ArXiv.org

11 Jun 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.13762

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Abstract

Physics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

Gravitational-wave events from mergers of compact objects are a predicted source of high-energy neutrinos. Using data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, we search for neutrinos coincident with 85 significant and 945 low-significance gravitational-wave candidate events from compact binary coalescences published in real-time by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration during the first part of its fourth observing run (O4a) and its preceding engineering run, within a time window of±500seconds centered on the merger time. We report improvements to the online pipelines, including automatic sending of notices, which has decreased the IceCube real-time response time to gravitational-wave events. In addition, we search for long-duration neutrino emission (up to two weeks after the merger) from three candidate events: two neutron star-black hole mergers, and one low-significance gravitational-wave event with a possible subthreshold gamma-ray counterpart. We use two methods, both of which have been previously used to search for neutrino emission associated with gravitational-wave transients: an unbinned maximum likelihood analysis on significant alerts and a Bayesian analysis accounting for astrophysical priors on both significant and low-significance alerts. We find no statistically significant emission from any of the individual gravitational-wave events analyzed, and set upper limits on the time-integrated flux and energy emitted in high energy neutrinos assuming isotropic emission from each event.

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Title: IceCube Real-time Searches for High-energy Neutrinos Coincident with LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA Gravitational-Wave Alerts in O4a
Creators: The IceCube Collaboration
R Abbasi
M Ackermann
J Adams
J. A Aguilar
M Ahlers
J. M Alameddine
S Ali
N. M Amin
K Andeen
C Argüelles
Y Ashida
S Athanasiadou
S. N Axani
R Babu
X Bai
A. Balagopal V
S. W Barwick
V Basu
R Bay
J. J Beatty
J. Becker Tjus
P Behrens
J Beise
C Bellenghi
S Benkel
S BenZvi
D Berley
E Bernardini
D. Z Besson
E Blaufuss
L Bloom
S Blot
F Bontempo
J. Y. Book Motzkin
C. Boscolo Meneguolo
S Böser
O Botner
J Böttcher
J Braun
B Brinson
Z Brisson-Tsavoussis
L Brusa
R. T Burley
D Butterfield
K Carloni
J Carpio
N Chau
Y. C Chen
Z Chen
D Chirkin
S Choi
A Chubarov
B. A Clark
G. H Collin
D. A. Coloma Borja
A Connolly
J. M Conrad
D. F Cowen
C De Clercq
J. J DeLaunay
D Delgado
T Delmeulle
S Deng
P Desiati
K. D de Vries
G de Wasseige
T DeYoung
J. C Díaz-Vélez
S DiKerby
T Ding
M Dittmer
A Domi
L Draper
L Dueser
D Durnford
K Dutta
M. A DuVernois
T Ehrhardt
L Eidenschink
A Eimer
C Eldridge
P Eller
E Ellinger
D Elsässer
R Engel
H Erpenbeck
W Esmail
S Eulig
J Evans
P. A Evenson
K. L Fan
K Fang
K Farrag
A. R Fazely
A Fedynitch
N Feigl
C Finley
D Fox
A Franckowiak
S Fukami
P Fürst
J Gallagher
E Ganster
A Garcia
M Garcia
E Genton
L Gerhardt
A Ghadimi
C Glaser
T Glüsenkamp
J. G Gonzalez
S Goswami
A Granados
D Grant
S. J Gray
S Griffin
K. M Groth
D Guevel
C Günther
P Gutjahr
C Ha
A Hallgren
L Halve
F Halzen
L Hamacher
M Handt
K Hanson
J Hardin
A. A Harnisch
P Hatch
A Haungs
J Häußler
K Helbing
J Hellrung
B Henke
L Hennig
F Henningsen
L Heuermann
R Hewett
N Heyer
S Hickford
A Hidvegi
C Hill
G. C Hill
R Hmaid
K. D Hoffman
A Hollnagel
D Hooper
S Hori
K Hoshina
M Hostert
W Hou
M Hrywniak
T Huber
K Hultqvist
K Hymon
A Ishihara
W Iwakiri
M Jacquart
S Jain
O Janik
M Jansson
M Jin
N Kamp
D Kang
W Kang
A Kappes
L Kardum
T Karg
A Karle
A Katil
M Kauer
J. L Kelley
M Khanal
A. Khatee Zathul
A Kheirandish
T Kim
H Kimku
F Kirchner
J Kiryluk
C Klein
S. R Klein
Y Kobayashi
S Koch
A Kochocki
R Koirala
H Kolanoski
T Kontrimas
L Köpke
C Kopper
D. J Koskinen
P Koundal
M Kowalski
T Kozynets
A Kravka
N Krieger
T Krishnan
K Kruiswijk
E Krupczak
A Kumar
E Kun
N Kurahashi
C. Lagunas Gualda
L. Lallement Arnaud
M. J Larson
F Lauber
J. P Lazar
K. Leonard DeHolton
A Leszczyńska
C Li
J Liao
C Lin
Q. R Liu
Y. T Liu
M Liubarska
C Love
L Lu
F Lucarelli
W Luszczak
Y Lyu
M Macdonald
E Magnus
Y Makino
E Manao
S Mancina
A Mand
I. C Mariş
S Marka
Z Marka
L Marten
I Martinez-Soler
R Maruyama
J Mauro
F Mayhew
F McNally
K Meagher
A Medina
M Meier
Y Merckx
L Merten
S Minji
J Mitchell
L Molchany
S Mondal
T Montaruli
R. W Moore
Y Morii
A Mosbrugger
D Mousadi
E Moyaux
T Mukherjee
M Nakos
U Naumann
L Neste
M Neumann
H Niederhausen
M. U Nisa
K Noda
A Noell
A Novikov
A Obertacke
V O'Dell
A Olivas
R Orsoe
J Osborn
E O'Sullivan
B Owens
V Palusova
H Pandya
A Parenti
N Park
V Parrish
E. N Paudel
L Paul
C. Pérez de los Heros
T Pernice
T. C Petersen
J Peterson
S Pick
M Plum
A Pontén
V Poojyam
B Pries
R Procter-Murphy
G. T Przybylski
L Pyras
C Raab
J Rack-Helleis
N Rad
M Ravn
K Rawlins
Z Rechav
A Rehman
I Reistroffer
E Resconi
C. D Rho
W Rhode
L Ricca
B Riedel
A Rifaie
E. J Roberts
S Rodan
M. J Romfoe
M Rongen
A Rosted
C Rott
T Ruhe
L Ruohan
D Ryckbosch
J Saffer
D Salazar-Gallegos
P Sampathkumar
A Sandrock
G Sanger-Johnson
M Santander
S Sarkar
M Scarnera
M Schaufel
H Schieler
S Schindler
L Schlickmann
B Schlüter
F Schlüter
N Schmeisser
T Schmidt
A Scholz
F. G Schröder
S Schwirn
S Sclafani
D Seckel
L Seen
M Seikh
S Seunarine
P. A. Sevle Myhr
R Shah
S Shah
S Shefali
N Shimizu
B Skrzypek
R Snihur
J Soedingrekso
D Soldin
P Soldin
G Sommani
D Song
C Spannfellner
G. M Spiczak
C Spiering
J Stachurska
M Stamatikos
T Stanev
T Stezelberger
T Stürwald
T Stuttard
G. W Sullivan
I Taboada
S Ter-Antonyan
A Terliuk
A Thakuri
M Thiesmeyer
W. G Thompson
J Thwaites
S Tilav
K Tollefson
J. A Torres
S Toscano
D Tosi
K Upshaw
A Vaidyanathan
N Valtonen-Mattila
J Valverde
J Vandenbroucke
T Van Eeden
N van Eijndhoven
L Van Rootselaar
J van Santen
J Vara
F Varsi
M Velazquez
M Venugopal
M Vereecken
S. Vergara Carrasco
S Verpoest
D Veske
A Vijai
J Villarreal
C Walck
A Wang
E. H. S Warrick
C Weaver
P Weigel
A Weindl
J Weldert
A. Y Wen
C Wendt
J Werthebach
M Weyrauch
N Whitehorn
C. H Wiebusch
D. R Williams
L Witthaus
G Wrede
X. W Xu
J. P Yanez
Y Yao
E Yildizci
S Yoshida
R Young
F Yu
S Yu
T Yuan
S Yun-Cárcamo
A. Zander Jurowitzki
A Zegarelli
A Zhang
S Zhang
Z Zhang
P Zhelnin
P Zilberman
C. Zilleruelo Cañas
Publication Details: ArXiv.org
Resource Type: Preprint
Language: English
Academic Unit: Physics
Other Identifier: 991022191393104721

IceCube Real-time Searches for High-energy Neutrinos Coincident with LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA Gravitational-Wave Alerts in O4a

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Abstract

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