Preprint
Identification and Denoising of Radio Signals from Cosmic-Ray Air Showers using Convolutional Neural Networks
20 Aug 2025
Abstract
Radio pulses generated by cosmic-ray air showers can be used to reconstruct key properties like the energy and depth of the electromagnetic component of cosmic-ray air showers. Radio detection threshold, influenced by natural and anthropogenic radio background, can be reduced through various techniques. In this work, we demonstrate that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are an effective way to lower the threshold. We developed two CNNs: a classifier to distinguish radio signal waveforms from background noise and a denoiser to clean contaminated radio signals. Following the training and testing phases, we applied the networks to air-shower data triggered by scintillation detectors of the prototype station for the enhancement of IceTop, IceCube's surface array at the South Pole. Over a four-month period, we identified 554 cosmic-ray events in coincidence with IceTop, approximately five times more compared to a reference method based on a cut on the signal-to-noise ratio. Comparisons with IceTop measurements of the same air showers confirmed that the CNNs reliably identified cosmic-ray radio pulses and outperformed the reference method. Additionally, we find that CNNs reduce the false-positive rate of air-shower candidates and effectively denoise radio waveforms, thereby improving the accuracy of the power and arrival time reconstruction of radio pulses.
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- Title
- Identification and Denoising of Radio Signals from Cosmic-Ray Air Showers using Convolutional Neural Networks
- Creators
- R AbbasiM AckermannJ AdamsS. K AgarwallaJ. A AguilarM AhlersJ. M AlameddineS AliN. M AminK AndeenC ArgüellesY AshidaS AthanasiadouS. N AxaniR BabuX BaiJ Baines-HolmesA. Balagopal VS. W BarwickS BashV BasuR BayJ. J BeattyJ. Becker TjusP BehrensJ BeiseC BellenghiB BenkelS BenZviD BerleyE BernardiniD. Z BessonE BlaufussL BloomS BlotI BodoF BontempoJ. Y. Book MotzkinC. Boscolo MeneguoloS BöserO BotnerJ BöttcherJ BraunB BrinsonZ Brisson-TsavoussisR. T BurleyD ButterfieldM. A CampanaK CarloniJ CarpioS ChattopadhyayN ChauZ ChenD ChirkinS ChoiB. A ClarkA ColemanP ColemanG. H CollinD. A. Coloma BorjaA ConnollyJ. M ConradR CorleyD. F CowenC De ClercqJ. J DeLaunayD DelgadoT DelmeulleS DengP DesiatiK. D de VriesG de WasseigeT DeYoungJ. C Díaz-VélezS DiKerbyM DittmerA DomiL DraperL DueserD DurnfordK DuttaM. A DuVernoisT EhrhardtL EidenschinkA EimerP EllerE EllingerD ElsässerR EngelH ErpenbeckW EsmailS EuligJ EvansP. A EvensonK. L FanK FangK FarragA. R FazelyA FedynitchN FeiglC FinleyL FischerD FoxA FranckowiakS FukamiP FürstJ GallagherP. Gálvez MolinaE GansterA GarciaM GarciaG GargE GentonL GerhardtA GhadimiC GlaserT GlüsenkampJ. G GonzalezS GoswamiA GranadosD GrantS. J GrayS GriffinS GriswoldK. M GrothD GuevelC GüntherP GutjahrC HaC HaackA HallgrenL HalveF HalzenL HamacherM. Ha MinhM HandtK HansonJ HardinA. A HarnischP HatchA HaungsJ HäußlerK HelbingJ HellrungB HenkeL HennigF HenningsenL HeuermannR HewettN HeyerS HickfordA HidvegiC HillG. C HillR HmaidK. D HoffmanD HooperS HoriK HoshinaM HostertW HouM HrywniakT HuberK HultqvistK HymonA IshiharaW IwakiriM JacquartS JainO JanikM JanssonM JeongM JinN KampD KangW KangX KangA KappesL KardumT KargM KarlA KarleA KatilM KauerJ. L KelleyM KhanalA. Khatee ZathulA KheirandishH KimkuJ KirylukC KleinS. R KleinY KobayashiA KochockiR KoiralaH KolanoskiT KontrimasL KöpkeC KopperD. J KoskinenP KoundalM KowalskiT KozynetsN KriegerJ KrishnamoorthiT KrishnanK KruiswijkE KrupczakD KullgrenA KumarE KunN KurahashiN LadC. Lagunas GualdaL. Lallement ArnaudM LamoureuxM. J LarsonF LauberJ. P LazarK. Leonard DeHoltonA LeszczyńskaJ LiaoC LinY. T LiuM LiubarskaC LoveL LuF LucarelliW LuszczakY LyuJ MadsenE MagnusY MakinoE ManaoS MancinaA MandI. C MarişS MarkaZ MarkaL MartenI Martinez-SolerR MaruyamaJ MauroF MayhewF McNallyJ. V MeadK MeagherS MechbalA MedinaM MeierY MerckxL MertenJ MitchellL MolchanyT MontaruliR. W MooreY MoriiA MosbruggerM MoulaiD MousadiE MoyauxT MukherjeeR NaabM NakosU NaumannJ NeckerL NesteM NeumannH NiederhausenM. U NisaK NodaA NoellA NovikovA ObertackeV O'DellA OlivasR OrsoeJ OsbornE O'SullivanV PalusovaH PandyaA ParentiN ParkV ParrishE. N PaudelL PaulC. Pérez de los HerosT PerniceJ PetersonM PlumA PonténV PoojyamY PopovychM. Prado RodriguezB PriesR Procter-MurphyG. T PrzybylskiL PyrasC RaabJ Rack-HelleisN RadM RavnK RawlinsZ RechavA RehmanI ReistrofferE ResconiS ReuschC. D RhoW RhodeL RiccaB RiedelA RifaieE. J RobertsM RongenA RostedC RottT RuheL RuohanD RyckboschJ SafferD Salazar-GallegosP SampathkumarA SandrockG Sanger-JohnsonM SantanderS SarkarJ SavelbergM ScarneraP SchaileM SchaufelH SchielerS SchindlerL SchlickmannB SchlüterF SchlüterN SchmeisserT SchmidtF. G SchröderL SchumacherS SchwirnS SclafaniD SeckelL SeenM SeikhS SeunarineP. A. Sevle MyhrR ShahS ShefaliN ShimizuB SkrzypekR SnihurJ SoedingreksoA SøgaardD SoldinP SoldinG SommaniC SpannfellnerG. M SpiczakC SpieringJ StachurskaM StamatikosT StanevT StezelbergerT StürwaldT StuttardG. W SullivanI TaboadaS Ter-AntonyanA TerliukA ThakuriM ThiesmeyerW. G ThompsonJ ThwaitesS TilavK TollefsonS ToscanoD TosiA TrettinA. K UpadhyayK UpshawA VaidyanathanN Valtonen-MattilaJ ValverdeJ VandenbrouckeT Van EedenN van EijndhovenL Van RootselaarJ van SantenJ VaraF VarsiM VenugopalM VereeckenS. Vergara CarrascoS VerpoestD VeskeA VijaiJ VillarrealC WalckA WangE. H. S WarrickC WeaverP WeigelA WeindlJ WeldertA. Y WenC WendtJ WerthebachM WeyrauchN WhitehornC. H WiebuschD. R WilliamsL WitthausM WolfG WredeX. W XuJ. P YanezY YaoE YildizciS YoshidaR YoungF YuS YuT YuanA ZegarelliS ZhangZ ZhangP ZhelninP Zilberman
- Resource Type
- Preprint
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Physics
- Other Identifier
- 991022084045804721