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Optical calibration systems of the Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment
Preprint   Open access

Optical calibration systems of the Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment

M Agostini, A. Alexander Wight, M Altomare, K Baş, N Baily, P. S Barbeau, A. J Baron, S Bash, C Bellenghi, M Boehmer, …
ArXiv.org
10 Mar 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.09495
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https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.09495View
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Abstract

Physics - High Energy Physics - Experiment Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors Physics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
This work presents the design and performance characterization of the optical calibration systems produced for the Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE). These include novel light-pulse driver circuitry based on gallium nitride field-effect transistor technology and its application to directional and isotropic, self-monitoring optical calibration instruments. A total of 330 directional light pulsers and two isotropic, 17-inch calibration modules (P-CALs) were produced for the first P-ONE line. We present the designs and performance of both the directional and isotropic calibration devices and perform detailed optical characterizations of both full-production batches. In a wavelength range of365-520 nm, our developed driver circuits achieve emission intensities up to10¹¹ photons and pulse widths as small as1.4 ns, respectively. Light-pulse drivers and self-monitoring electronics in the P-CAL were characterized using the same experimental setup, and the instrument's optical-isotropy design was optimized in combination with a dedicated GEANT4-based simulation framework. The optimized P-CAL achieves a simulated isotropy grade of1.00 ± 0.01across the entire4 πsolid angle range. These simulation investigations were explicitly confirmed by dedicated measurements in both air and water using two independent experimental setups, and we report the results. With this, a detailed performance estimate for deployed P-CAL modules in P-ONE was possible.

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