Preprint
Prompt Searches for Very-High-Energy γ-Ray Counterparts to IceCube Astrophysical Neutrino Alerts
ArXiv.org
18 Dec 2025
Abstract
The search for sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos can be significantly advanced through a multi-messenger approach, which seeks to detect the gamma rays that accompany neutrinos as they are produced at their sources. Multi-messenger observations have so far provided the first evidence for a neutrino source, illustrated by the joint detection of the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056 in highenergy (HE, E > 1 GeV) and very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma rays in coincidence with the high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A, identified by IceCube. Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), namely FACT, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS, continue to conduct extensive neutrino target-of-opportunity follow-up programs. These programs have two components: followup observations of single astrophysical neutrino candidate events (such as IceCube-170922A), and observation of known gamma-ray sources after the identification of a cluster of neutrino events by IceCube. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of follow-up observations of high-energy neutrino events observed by the four IACTs between September 2017 (after the IceCube-170922A event) and January 2021. Our study found no associations between gamma-ray sources and the observed neutrino events. We provide a detailed overview of each neutrino event and its potential counterparts. Furthermore, a joint analysis of all IACT data is included, yielding combined upper limits on the VHE gamma-ray flux.
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- Title
- Prompt Searches for Very-High-Energy γ-Ray Counterparts to IceCube Astrophysical Neutrino Alerts
- Creators
- FACT Collaboration (Collaboration)H. E. S. S. Collaboration (Collaboration)MAGIC Collaboration (Collaboration)VERITAS Collaboration (Collaboration)Fermi-LAT Collaboration (Collaboration)IceCube Collaboration (Collaboration)J AbhirA BilandK BrandT BretzD DornerL EisenbergerD ElsaesserP GüntherS HasanD HildebrandK MannheimM LinhoffF PfeifleW RhodeB SchleicherV SliusarM VorbruggR WalterF AharonianF. Ait BenkhaliJ AscherslebenD MazinM GarciaB SkrzypekH AshkarS MenchiariG GargR SnihurM BackesJ. Méndez GallegoE GentonJ SoedingreksoV. Barbosa MartinsD MiceliL GerhardtA SøR BatzofinJ. M MirandaA GhadimiD SoldinY BecheriniR MirzoyanC GlaserP SoldinD BergeM. Molero GonzálezT GlüG SommaniM BöttcherE MolinaJ. G GonzalezC SpannfellnerC BoissonH. A MondalS GoswamiG. M SpiczakJ BolmontA MoralejoA GranadosC SpieringJ BorowskaT NakamoriD GrantJ StachurskaR BroseC NanciS. J GrayM StamatikosA BrownV NeustroevS GriffinT StanevF BrunM. Nievas RosilloS GriswoldT StezelbergerB BrunoC NigroK. M GrothT StüS CasanovaL NikolićD GuevelT StuttardJ CelicK NilssonC GüG. W SullivanM CerrutiK NishijimaP GutjahrI TaboadaA ChenK NodaC HaS Ter-AntonyanM ChernyakovaS NozakiC HaackA TerliukJ ChibuezeA OkumuraA HallgrenA ThakuriO ChibuezeJ Otero-SantosL HalveM ThiesmeyerB CornejoS PaianoF HalzenW. G ThompsonG CotterD PanequeL HamacherJ ThwaitesG CozzolongoJ. M ParedesM. Ha MinhS TilavJ. Damascene MbarubucyeyeM PeresanoM HandtK TollefsonJ. de Assis ScarpinM PersicK HansonS ToscanoA. Delgado GilesM PihetJ HardinD TosiA Djannati-AtaïF PodobnikA. A HarnischA TrettinJ DjuvslandP. G. Prada MoroniP HatchA. K UpadhyayA DmytriievE PrandiniA HaungsK UpshawK EgbertsM RibóJ HäA VaidyanathanK EggJ RicoK HelbingN Valtonen-MattilaS EineckeT SaitoJ HellrungJ VandenbrouckeJ. -P ErnenweinS SakuraiB HenkeT Van EedenC EscañK SataleckaL HennigN van EijndhovenK FeijenF. G SaturniF HenningsenL Van RootselaarM FilipovicK SchmitzL HeuermannJ van SantenG FontaineF SchmuckermaierR HewettJ VaraS FunkJ. 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K KleinerO ReimerN KorzounP KoundalM. J LangH RenM LundyM KowalskiG MaierF RiegerM. J MillardT KozynetsJ MillisG RowellP MoriartyA KravkaR MukherjeeB RudakW NingN KriegerR. A OngK SabriA PandeyJ KrishnamoorthiM PohlV SahakianJ QuinnT KrishnanP. L RabinowitzH SalzmannK RaganK KruiswijkP. T ReynoldsM SasakiD RibeiroE KrupczakE RoacheJ SchäferI SadehA KumarA. C SadunF SchüsslerL SahaE KunM SantanderH. M SchutteG. H SembroskiN Kurahashi - Drexel University, PhysicsR ShangM SenniappanD TakN LadA. K TalluriJ. N. S ShapopiJ. V TucciC. Lagunas GualdaJ ValverdeA SharmaV. V VassilievL. Lallement ArnaudD. A WilliamsH SolS. L WongM LamoureuxS BusonS SpencerR AbbasiM. J LarsonM AckermannL Stawarz - Jagiellonian UniversityJ AdamsF LauberS. K AgarwallaR SteenkampJ. A AguilarJ. P LazarM AhlersS SteinmasslJ. M AlameddineK. Leonard DeHoltonS AliC SteppaN. M AminA LeszczyńK AndeenT TakahashiC ArgüJ LiaoY AshidaT TanakaS AthanasiadouC LinS. N AxaniA. M TaylorR BabuY. 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Jiménez QuilesD RyckboschJ JormanainenJ SafferS KankkunenD Salazar-GallegosT KayanokiP SampathkumarJ KonradA SandrockP. M KouchG Sanger-JohnsonH KuboS SarkarJ KushidaJ SavelbergM LáinezM ScarneraA LamastraP SchaileE LindforsM SchaufelS LombardiH SchielerF LongoS SchindlerR López-CotoL SchlickmannM López-MoyaB SchlüA López-OramasF SchlüS LoporchioN SchmeisserL LulićT SchmidtE LyardF. G SchröP MajumdarL SchumacherM MakarievS SchwirnM MallamaciS Sclafani - University of Maryland, College ParkG ManevaD SeckelM ManganaroL SeenS ManganoM SeikhS MarchesiS SeunarineM MariottiP. A. Sevle MyhrM MartínezR Shah - Drexel University, PhysicsP MarušS ShefaliA Mas-AguilarN Shimizu
- Publication Details
- ArXiv.org
- Number of pages
- 44
- Resource Type
- Preprint
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Physics
- Other Identifier
- 991022146941904721