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Accepted (AM)Open Access (License Unspecified), Open
Journal article
A comparative case study of walking environment in Madrid and Philadelphia using multiple sampling methods and street virtual audits
Cities & health, v 4(3), pp 336-344
01 Sep 2020
PMID: 33718600
Abstract
The objective of this study is to quantify, using virtual audits in Madrid and Philadelphia, cross-city differences in the walking environment and to test whether differences vary by sampling method. We used two sampling methods; first, a contiguous area combining census units (~15.000 population area for each setting) was selected using the Median Neighborhood Index. Median Neighborhood Index is a summary index that averages Euclidean distances of sociodemographic and urban form features, used to select the median neighborhood for a given city. Second, we selected a population-density stratified sampling of the same number of census units as above. M-SPACES audit tool was deployed, using street virtual audits to measure function, safety, aesthetics, and destinations along each street segment. Madrid streets had lower scores for function (b = −0.29 CI95% −0.55; −0.31) and safety (b = −0.38 CI95% −0.61; -0.14). Madrid had a greater proportion of streets having at least one walking destination in the street segment (PR = 1.92 95% CI 1.55; 2.39). We did not find a significant difference between Madrid and Philadelphia in aesthetics. We found an interaction between safety and sampling methods. This approach can reveal which elements of the built environment account for between-city differences, key to mass influences that operate at the city level.
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Details
- Title
- A comparative case study of walking environment in Madrid and Philadelphia using multiple sampling methods and street virtual audits
- Creators
- Pedro Gullón - University of AlcaláUsama Bilal - Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.Patricia Sánchez - University of AlcaláJulia Díez - University of AlcaláGina S. Lovasi - Drexel UniversityManuel Franco - Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad De Alcala, Alcala De Henares, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Publication Details
- Cities & health, v 4(3), pp 336-344
- Publisher
- Routledge
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Urban Health Collaborative
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85091597742
- Other Identifier
- 991019173581004721