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SubmittedPubMed Central, Open
Journal article
Associations between toxicity-weighted concentrations and dementia risk: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study
The Science of the total environment, v 945, 173706
10 Jun 2024
PMID: 38866169
Abstract
Air pollution is a modifiable risk factor for dementia. Yet, studies on specific sources of air pollution (i.e., toxic chemical emissions from industrial facilities) and dementia risk are scarce. We examined associations between toxicity-weighted concentrations of industrial pollution and dementia outcomes among a large, multi-site cohort of older adults.
Participants (n = 2770) were ≥ 65 years old (Mean = 75.3, SD = 5.1 years) from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study (1992–1999). Toxicity-weighted concentrations were estimated using the Risk Screening Environmental Indicator (RSEI) model which incorporates total reported chemical emissions with toxicity, fate, and transport models. Estimates were aggregated to participants' baseline census tract, averaged across 1988–1992, and log2-transformed. Dementia status was clinically adjudicated in 1998–1999 and categorized by subtype (Alzheimer's, vascular, mixed). We assessed whether RSEI-estimated toxicity-weighted concentrations were associated with 1) odds of prevalent dementia and 2) incident dementia risk by subtype.
After adjusting for individual and census-tract level covariates, a doubling in toxicity-weighted concentrations was associated with 9 % higher odds of prevalent dementia (OR = 1.09, 95 % CI: 1.00, 1.19). In discrete-time survival models, each doubling in toxicity-weighted concentrations was associated with a 16 % greater hazard of vascular dementia (HR = 1.16, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.34) but was not significantly associated with all-cause, Alzheimer's disease, or mixed dementia (p's > 0.05).
Living in regions with higher toxicity-weighted concentrations was associated with higher odds of prevalent dementia and a higher risk of incident vascular dementia in this large, community-based cohort of older adults. These findings support the need for additional studies to examine whether toxic chemical emissions from industrial and federal facilities may be a modifiable target for dementia prevention.
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•Air pollution has been identified as a modifiable risk factor for dementia.•Studies on toxic chemical emissions from industrial facilities, generated from the Risk Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) tool, and cause-specific dementia risk are underexplored.•Living in areas with more toxic chemical emissions was associated with higher odds of prevalent dementia and higher risk of incident vascular dementia.•Spatial and environmental factors should be considered when assessing dementia risk.
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Details
- Title
- Associations between toxicity-weighted concentrations and dementia risk: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study
- Creators
- Breanna M. Crane - Johns Hopkins UniversityKyle D. Moored - Johns Hopkins UniversityPatrick T. Donahue - Johns Hopkins UniversityAnne E. Corrigan - Johns Hopkins UniversityFrank C. Curriero - Johns Hopkins UniversityTimothy M. Shields - Johns Hopkins UniversityMichael R. Desjardins - Johns Hopkins UniversityEmily A. Richards - Johns Hopkins UniversityAndrea L. Rosso - University of PittsburghGina S. Lovasi - Drexel UniversityMichelle C. Odden - Stanford UniversityOscar L. Lopez - University of PittsburghMary L. Biggs - University of WashingtonAnne B. Newman - University of PittsburghRyan M. Andrews - Boston UniversityMichelle C. Carlson - Johns Hopkins University
- Publication Details
- The Science of the total environment, v 945, 173706
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Grant note
- The CHS research was supported by contracts HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, HHSN268201800001C, N01HC55222, N01HC 85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, 75N92021D00006, and grants U01HL080295 and U01HL130114 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Additional support was provided by R01AG023629 from the National Institute on Aging (NIA). A full list of principal CHS investigators and institutions can be found at CHS-NHLBI.org. This manuscript has been reviewed by CHS for scientific content and consistency of data interpretation with previous CHS publications. This work was also supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01-AG055404-01A1 to MCC), the National Institute on Aging Research Training in Age-Related Cognitive Disorders Training Grant (T32-AG027668 to BMC), and the Johns Hopkins Epidemiology and Biostatistics of Aging Research Fellowship (T32-AG000247 to BMC). Additional support was provided by the National Institute on Aging (1R01-AG049970, 3R01-AG049970-04S1), the Pennsylvania Department of Health (SAP #4100072543), the Urban Health Collaborative at Drexel University, and the Built Environment and Health Research Group at Columbia University. We would like to thank the CHS participants for their time and contribution to the study. We would also like to thank Phil M. Hurvitz at the University of Washington for generating and responding to our inquiries about the geocoded dataset.
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Urban Health Collaborative; Dana and David Dornsife School of Public Health; Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85196267753
- Other Identifier
- 991021888115504721