Journal article
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Particulate Matter Air Pollution before, during, and after Pregnancy: A Nested Case-Control Analysis within the Nurses' Health Study II Cohort
Environmental health perspectives, v 123(3), pp 264-270
01 Mar 2015
PMCID: PMC4348742
PMID: 25522338
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder with increasing prevalence worldwide, yet has unclear etiology.
OBJECTIVE: We explored the association between maternal exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and odds of ASD in her child.
METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study of participants in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II), a prospective cohort of 116,430 U.S. female nurses recruited in 1989, followed by biennial mailed questionnaires. Subjects were NHS II participants' children born 1990-2002 with ASD (n = 245), and children without ASD (n = 1,522) randomly selected using frequency matching for birth years. Diagnosis of ASD was based on maternal report, which was validated against the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised in a subset. Monthly averages of PM with diameters <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and 2.5-10 mu m (PM10-2.5) were predicted from a spatiotemporal model for the continental United States and linked to residential addresses.
RESULTS: PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of ASD, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) for ASD per interquartile range (IQR) higher PM2.5 (4.42 mu g/m(3)) of 1.57 (95% CI: 1.22, 2.03) among women with the same address before and after pregnancy (160 cases, 986 controls). Associations with PM2.5 exposure 9 months before or after the pregnancy were weaker in independent models and null when all three time periods were included, whereas the association with the 9 months of pregnancy remained (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.47). The association between ASD and PM2.5 was stronger for exposure during the third trimester (OR = 1.42 per IQR increase in PM2.5; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.86) than during the first two trimesters (ORs = 1.06 and 1.00) when mutually adjusted. There was little association between PM10-2.5 and ASD.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher maternal exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy, particularly the third trimester, was associated with greater odds of a child having ASD.
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Details
- Title
- Autism Spectrum Disorder and Particulate Matter Air Pollution before, during, and after Pregnancy: A Nested Case-Control Analysis within the Nurses' Health Study II Cohort
- Creators
- Raanan Raz - Harvard UniversityAndrea L. Roberts - Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USAKristen Lyall - Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02215 USAJaime E. Hart - Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USAAllan C. Just - Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USAFrancine Laden - Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USAMarc G. Weisskopf - Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- Publication Details
- Environmental health perspectives, v 123(3), pp 264-270
- Publisher
- Us Dept Health Human Sciences Public Health Science
- Number of pages
- 7
- Grant note
- Environment and Health Fund (EHF, Israel) W81XWH-08-1-0499 / U.S. Department of Defense; United States Department of Defense P30 ES000002; R01 ES017017; UM1 CA176726 / National Institutes of Health; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA UM1CA176726 / NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI) R01ES017017 / NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) 1788 / Autism Speaks Foundation
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000352167900017
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84925060943
- Other Identifier
- 991020099925704721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Environmental Sciences
- Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
- Toxicology