Journal article
Determination of the emissions from an aircraft auxiliary power unit (APU) during the Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX)
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995), v 62(4), pp 420-430
01 Apr 2012
PMID: 22616284
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
The emissions from a Garrett-AiResearch (now Honeywell) Model GTCP85-98CK auxiliary power unit (APU) were determined as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX) using both JP-8 and a coal-derived Fischer Tropsch fuel (FT-2). Measurements were conducted by multiple research organizations for sulfur dioxide (SO2, total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), speciated gas-phase emissions, particulate matter (PM) mass and number, black carbon, and speciated PM. In addition, particle size distribution (PSD), number-based geometric mean particle diameter (GMD), and smoke number were also determined from the data collected. The results of the research showed PM mass emission indices (EIs) in the range of 20 to 700 mg/kg fuel and PM number EIs ranging from 0.5 x 10(15) to 5 x 10(15) particles/kg fuel depending on engine load and fuel type. In addition, significant reductions in both the SO2 and PM EIs were observed for the use of the FT fuel. These reductions were on the order of approximately 90% for SO2 and particle mass EIs and approximately 60% for the particle number EI, with similar decreases observed for black carbon. Also, the size of the particles generated by JP-8 combustion are noticeably larger than those emitted by the APU burning the FT fuel with the geometric mean diameters ranging from 20 to 50 nm depending on engine load and fuel type. Finally, both particle-bound sulfate and organics were reduced during FT-2 combustion. The PM sulfate was reduced by nearly 100% due to lack of sulfur in the fuel, with the PM organics reduced by a factor of approximately 5 as compared with JP-8.
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Details
- Title
- Determination of the emissions from an aircraft auxiliary power unit (APU) during the Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX)
- Creators
- John S Kinsey - Research Triangle Park FoundationMichael T Timko - Aerodyne ResearchScott C Herndon - Aerodyne ResearchEzra C Wood - Aerodyne ResearchZhenhong YuRichard C Miake-Lye - Aerodyne ResearchPrem Lobo - Missouri University of Science and TechnologyPhilip Whitefield - Missouri University of Science and TechnologyDonald Hagen - Missouri University of Science and TechnologyChanglie Wey - Glenn Research CenterBruce E Anderson - National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationAndreas J Beyersdorf - National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationCharles H Hudgins - Science Systems and Applications (United States)K Lee Thornhill - Science Systems and Applications (United States)Edward Winstead - Science Systems and Applications (United States)Robert Howard - Aerospace Testing Alliance (United States)Dan I BulzanKathleen B TacinaW Berk Knighton - Montana State University
- Publication Details
- Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995), v 62(4), pp 420-430
- Publisher
- Taylor and Francis
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Chemistry
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000302504500006
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84859412367
- Other Identifier
- 991020902978504721
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- Collaboration types
- Industry collaboration
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Engineering, Environmental
- Environmental Sciences
- Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences