Journal article
Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides from Flares Operating at Low Flow Conditions
Industrial & engineering chemistry research, v 51(39), pp 12600-12605
03 Oct 2012
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Full scale flare tests have been conducted to test the impacts of flare operating conditions on the fraction of flared gases that are converted to carbon dioxide and water (combustion efficiency, CE) for flares combusting low heating value gases (similar to 350-600 BTU/scf) at low flow rates (similar to 0.1-0.25% of maximum flow). Flares produce lower flame temperatures when operating with low heating value gases at low combustion efficiencies than when operating with high heating value gases at high combustion efficiencies. This leads to reduced formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the flame. For a series of tests conducted under low flow conditions, with low heating value gases, NOx emission factors ranged between 10 and 120% of the NOx emission factor reported in AP-42. Emissions of NOx were highest for air assisted flares operating at high CE and lowest for steam assisted flares operating at low CE. In general, emissions were lower in steam assisted flare tests than in air assisted flare tests conducted under similar conditions. Photochemical modeling simulations indicated that these reductions in NOx emissions had relatively small impacts on the ozone formation potential of flares operating at low CE.
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Details
- Title
- Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides from Flares Operating at Low Flow Conditions
- Creators
- Vincent M. Torres - The University of Texas at AustinScott Herndon - Aerodyne ResearchEzra Wood - Aerodyne ResearchFahad M. Al-Fadhli - The University of Texas at AustinDavid T. Allen - The University of Texas at Austin
- Publication Details
- Industrial & engineering chemistry research, v 51(39), pp 12600-12605
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society; Washington, DC
- Number of pages
- 6
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Chemistry
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000309334900007
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84867068018
- Other Identifier
- 991020902978104721
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- Collaboration types
- Industry collaboration
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Engineering, Chemical