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National Trends and Disparities in Retail Food Environments in the United States between 1990-2014
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

National Trends and Disparities in Retail Food Environments in the United States between 1990-2014

Jana A Hirsch, Yuzhe Zhao, Steven Melly, Kari A Moore, Nicolas Berger, James Quinn, Andrew Rundle and Gina S Lovasi
Public health nutrition, pp 1-27
16 Jan 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980023000058
PMID: 36644895
Featured in Collection :   UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
url
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/6BDA5CD719E1A6CCDC448EA71A1D8559/S1368980023000058a.pdf/div-class-title-national-trends-and-disparities-in-retail-food-environments-in-the-united-states-between-1990-2014-div.pdfView
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open
url
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980023000058View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open

Abstract

Environmental Justice Nutrition Urbanicity Place/Communities Race/Ethnicity Disparities Spatial Patterning Food Environment
To describe national disparities in retail food environments by neighborhood composition (race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status) across time and space. We examined built food environments (retail outlets) between 1990-2014 for census tracts in the contiguous U.S. (n=71,547). We measured retail food environment as counts of all food stores, all unhealthy food sources (including fast food, convenience stores, bakeries and ice cream), and healthy food stores (including supermarkets, fruit and vegetable markets) from National Establishment Time Series business data. Changes in food environment were mapped to display spatial patterns. Multi-level Poisson models, clustered by tract, estimated time trends in counts of food stores with a land area offset and independent variables population density, racial composition (categorized as predominantly one race/ethnicity (>60%) or mixed), and inflation-adjusted income tertile. The contiguous U.S. between 1990-2014. All census tracts (n=71,547). All food stores and unhealthy food sources increased while the subcategory healthy food remained relatively stable. In models adjusting for population density, predominantly non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian, and mixed tracts had significantly more destinations of all food categories than predominantly non-Hispanic White tracts. This disparity increased over time, predominantly driven by larger increases in unhealthy food sources for tracts which were not predominantly non-Hispanic White. Income and food store access were inversely related, although disparities narrowed over time. Our findings illustrate a national food landscape with both persistent and shifting spatial patterns in the availability of establishments across neighborhoods with different racial-ethnic and socioeconomic compositions.

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17 citations in Web of Science
14 citations in Scopus

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UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This publication has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

#3 Good Health and Well-Being

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
International collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Nutrition & Dietetics
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
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